羥乙基澱粉

用途

• Shock bolus (resuscitation)
• Infusion
• Emergent situations / Colloid oncotic pressure support
• Shock resuscitation
• Adult horses - volume support
• Foals - rapid volume support
• Hypo-oncotic, well hydrated horses
• Volume replacement
• Fluid resuscitation and management of hypoproteinemia
• Volume replacement
• Small volume replacement/CPCR resuscitation
• Volume replacement
• Camelids - Volume expansion

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Coagulopathies (prolonged PT/PTT, altered Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor)
• Nausea and vomiting (especially in cats if administered too rapidly)
• Volume overload leading to pulmonary edema
• Hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions (rare)
• Falsely elevated serum amylase levels
• Transient increases in indirect serum bilirubin
• Potential risk for acute kidney injury (extrapolated from human data)

注意事項與禁忌

• Severe heart failure
• Severe bleeding disorders
• Oliguric or anuric renal failure
• **Important Warnings & Precautions:** * **Coagulation:** HES can precipitate Factor VIII and interfere with von Willebrand Factor. Use with extreme caution in patients with pre-existing coagulopathies (e.g., von Willebrand's disease), thrombocytopenia, or those undergoing CNS surgery. * **Renal Risk:** Human data suggests a risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly in septic patients. Use cautiously in veterinary patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction or sepsis. * **Volume Overload:** Can cause severe circulatory overload. Use with caution in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), oliguric renal failure, or pulmonary edema. * **Capillary Leak:** In severe sepsis, SIRS, or trauma, HES may extravasate into the pulmonary interstitium, potentially causing or worsening pulmonary edema. * **Administration in Cats:** Rapid IV boluses in cats frequently cause nausea and vomiting; administer slowly (over 15-30 minutes). * **Not a Blood Substitute:** HES has no oxygen-carrying capacity and does not replace the need for RBCs in anemic patients.

藥物相互作用

• Whole Blood / Red Blood Cells: Do not administer Hextend simultaneously with blood through the same administration set due to a risk of coagulation.

常見問題