氫嗎啡酮
別名: Dilaudid, Dilaudid-HP, Exalgo, Palladone
氫嗎啡酮是一種強效的鴉片類止痛藥。 - **監督使用**：當以注射方式給藥時，通常是在動物醫院內由獸醫直接監督下使用。 - **居家口服**：如果獸醫開立口服藥錠或藥水讓您帶回家，請將藥物存放在兒童和其他寵物接觸不到的安全地方。這是一種嚴格管制的藥物。 - **預期反應**：您的寵物可能會顯得鎮靜或昏昏欲睡。在狗身上，喘氣和發出嗚嗚聲是常見的副作用，這並不一定代表寵物在疼痛。貓咪偶爾可能會表現出焦躁不安或體溫微升。 - **需注意的副作用**：請密切觀察是否有嚴重嗜睡、極度呼吸困難或嚴重便秘的情況。如果出現這些症狀，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。 - **請勿分享藥物**：絕對不可將此藥物給予其他寵物或人類使用，不當使用可能會有致命危險。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- As an analgesic
- For cancer pain
- For moderate to severe pain
- As a premed prior to moderately painful procedures
- As an alternate induction method (especially in critical patients)
- As a pre-op
- As a CRI post-op
- As a pre-op (Rabbits)
- As a CRI post-op (Rabbits)
- As an analgesic
- For cancer pain
- As an analgesic
- As an analgesic
- For perioperative pain
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Dogs: Nausea, vomiting, defecation, panting, vocalization, sedation, CNS depression, respiratory depression, bradycardia, decreased GI motility (constipation with chronic use)
- Cats: Nausea, ataxia, hyperesthesia, hyperthermia, behavioral changes (mania/excitement if given without tranquilization)
- Mild histamine release (infrequent compared to morphine)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
- Diarrhea caused by toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
- Prior to GI obstructive surgery (due to vomiting risk)
- Patients stung by scorpion species Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing and C. gertschi Stahnke (may potentiate venom)
- > **Black Box Warning / Extreme Caution**: Use with extreme caution in patients with respiratory disease, acute respiratory dysfunction, head injuries, increased intracranial pressure, and acute abdominal conditions (e.g., colic) as it may obscure diagnosis. - **Vomiting Risk**: Contraindicated as a preanesthetic in animals with suspected gastric dilation, volvulus, or intestinal obstruction. - **Systemic Disease**: Use cautiously in hypothyroidism, severe renal insufficiency (acute uremia), adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's), and severe hepatic disease (prolonged duration of action). - **Cardiovascular**: Can cause bradycardia; use cautiously in patients with preexisting bradyarrhythmias. - **Feline Hyperthermia**: Can cause self-limiting hyperthermia in cats. High doses in cats should be combined with a tranquilizer to prevent bizarre behavioral changes. - **Vulnerable Populations**: Geriatric, debilitated, or neonatal patients may be more susceptible and require lower dosages.
藥物相互作用
- Butorphanol, Nalbuphine: Potentially could antagonize opiate effects
- CNS Depressants: Additive CNS depression effects possible
- Diuretics: Opiates may decrease diuretic efficacy in CHF patients
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): Severe and unpredictable opiate potentiation; not recommended if MAOI used within 14 days
- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Hydromorphone may enhance muscle relaxant effects
- Phenothiazines: May antagonize analgesic effects and increase risk for hypotension
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (clomipramine, amitriptyline): Hydromorphone may exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants
- Warfarin: Opiates may potentiate anticoagulant activity
常見問題
氫嗎啡酮用於寵物有什麼用途？
氫嗎啡酮是一種強效的鴉片類止痛藥。 - **監督使用**：當以注射方式給藥時，通常是在動物醫院內由獸醫直接監督下使用。 - **居家口服**：如果獸醫開立口服藥錠或藥水讓您帶回家，請將藥物存放在兒童和其他寵物接觸不到的安全地方。這是一種嚴格管制的藥物。 - **預期反應**：您的寵物可能會顯得鎮靜或昏昏欲睡。在狗身上，喘氣和發出嗚嗚聲是常見的副作用，這並不一定代表寵物在疼痛。貓咪偶爾可能會表現出焦躁不安或體溫微升。 - **需注意的副作用**：請密切觀察是否有嚴重嗜睡、極度呼吸困難或嚴重便秘的情況。如果出現這些症狀，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。 - **請勿分享藥物**：絕對不可將此藥物給予其他寵物或人類使用，不當使用可能會有致命危險。
氫嗎啡酮對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。