二甲基亞碸 (DMSO)

用途

• Acute swelling due to trauma
• Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics
• Acute rhabdomyolysis
• Adjunctive treatment for laminitis
• Acute swelling due to trauma
• Calcinosis cutis
• Persistent cases of hemorrhagic cystitis (secondary to cyclophosphamide tx)
• Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin)
• Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide
• Canine calcinosis cutis
• Renal amyloidosis
• Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Local 'burning', erythema, vesiculation, and dry skin (topical)
• Garlic or oyster-like breath odor
• Lenticular changes (myopia) with chronic high doses
• Hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (IV in horses, especially at >10% concentration or rapid administration)
• Diarrhea, muscle tremors, and colic (IV in horses)
• Rare hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity

注意事項與禁忌

• Mastocytomas (due to mast cell degranulation)
• Dehydration or shock (diuretic and vasodilatory effects may exacerbate)
• Pregnancy (teratogenic at high doses in some species; use with extreme caution)
• > **Handling Warning:** Always wear rubber gloves when applying topically. Apply with clean or sterile cotton to clean, dry skin to prevent carrying harmful impurities or environmental toxins into the systemic circulation. * **Masking Pathology:** Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity may mask existing pathology. * **IV Administration:** In horses, administer IV slowly and at concentrations of 10% (maximum 20%) to minimize hemolysis and hemoglobinuria. * **Odor:** Owners should be warned about the strong garlic/oyster breath odor that develops shortly after administration, regardless of route.

藥物相互作用

• Organophosphates / Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Avoid concurrent use due to DMSO's anticholinesterase activity.
• Mercury salts: Can cause fatal mercury intoxication if mixed and applied topically.
• Alcohol: DMSO inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and may prolong the effects of alcohol.
• Insulin: May be potentiated by DMSO.
• Corticosteroids: May be potentiated by DMSO.
• Atropine: May be potentiated by DMSO.
• Topical toxins or other topical medications: Profound enhancement of systemic absorption of the co-administered substance, potentially leading to systemic toxicity.
• Dexrazoxane: DMSO may decrease the activity and efficacy of dexrazoxane; concurrent use should be discouraged.

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