阿莫西林/克拉維酸

用途

• Susceptible infections
• Gram-positive infections
• Gram-negative infections
• Susceptible UTI's
• Susceptible skin, soft tissue infections
• Susceptible sepsis, pneumonia
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections (Ratites)
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible UTI's
• Susceptible skin, soft tissue infections
• Susceptible deep pyodermas
• Systemic bacteremia

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Gastrointestinal upset (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and superinfections (due to altered gut flora)
• Neurotoxicity (e.g., ataxia in dogs) at very high doses or prolonged use
• Elevated liver enzymes (rare)
• Tachypnea, dyspnea, edema, and tachycardia (rarely reported in dogs)

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins
• Small hindgut fermenters (rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, hamsters) due to risk of fatal clostridial enterotoxemia
• Oral administration in patients with septicemia, shock, or grave illness (due to delayed/diminished GI absorption)
• > **WARNING FOR EXOTIC PETS:** Do not administer penicillins to rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, or hamsters, as severe enteritis and fatal clostridial enterotoxemia may occur. * **Cross-Reactivity:** Use cautiously in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems). * **Critically Ill Patients:** Avoid oral administration in patients in shock or with septicemia due to unreliable gastrointestinal absorption. * **Laboratory Interference:** May cause false-positive urine glucose determinations when using cupric sulfate solutions (e.g., Clinitest®).

藥物相互作用

• Bacteriostatic Antimicrobials (e.g., chloramphenicol, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides): Theoretical in vitro antagonism; clinical importance is currently in doubt but historically not recommended to combine.
• Methotrexate: Amoxicillin may decrease the renal excretion of methotrexate, causing increased levels and potential toxic effects.
• Probenecid: Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most penicillins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.
• Aminoglycosides: In vitro inactivation can occur if mixed together; serum concentrations of aminoglycosides may be falsely decreased if stored prior to analysis.

常見問題