別嘌醇
別名: Zyloprim, Aloprim, Zyloric, Zylapour
藥物類別: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
> **重要提示：** 除非獸醫師另有指示，否則請在**飯後**（通常約飯後1小時）給予此藥物，以減少腸胃不適。 * **飲食管理：** 如果您的寵物正在接受尿酸結石治療，請嚴格遵守獸醫師處方的**低嘌呤飲食**。若未配合適當飲食而服用此藥，可能會導致形成另一種結石（黃嘌呤結石）。 * **何時應聯繫獸醫師：** 如果您的寵物出現**皮疹**、異常**嗜睡**或看起來生病，請立即通知您的獸醫師。 * 確保您的寵物隨時有充足的新鮮飲水，以幫助沖洗泌尿系統。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Urate uroliths (dissolution)
- Urate uroliths (prevention)
- Urate uroliths (dissolution and prevention)
- Leishmaniasis (First line treatment)
- Leishmaniasis (Second line treatment)
- Leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis (Alternate protocol alone)
- Leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis (with renal insufficiency)
- Leishmaniasis
- Uric acid urolithiasis (Dissolution)
- Uric acid urolithiasis (Prevention)
- Leishmaniosis
- Gout (budgies and cockatiels)
- Gout (parakeets)
- Leishmaniosis
- Elevated uric acid levels in renal disease (lizards)
- Gout
- Hyperuricemia (green iguanas)
給藥方式
POIV
可能的副作用
- Xanthine urolithiasis (especially with high doses or non-restricted diets)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, erythema)
- Lethargy
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Hepatotoxicity (rare)
- Bone marrow suppression (rare)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to allopurinol
- Red-tailed hawks (anecdotal reports of severe toxicity)
- Prolonged high doses of allopurinol may result in **xanthine uroliths**; it is highly recommended to use concurrently with a low-purine diet for urolith management. Use with caution and consider dose reduction (e.g., 5 mg/kg PO twice daily) in patients with **renal insufficiency**.
藥物相互作用
- Chlorpropamide: May increase risks for hypoglycemia and hepato-renal reactions
- Cyclophosphamide: Increased bone marrow depression may occur
- Cyclosporine: Allopurinol may increase cyclosporine levels
- Diuretics (Furosemide, Thiazides, Diazoxide) and Alcohol: Can increase uric acid levels, antagonizing allopurinol's effect
- Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin): Allopurinol may reduce the metabolism of warfarin thereby increasing its effect
- Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole: Thrombocytopenia has occurred in a few human patients when used concurrently
- Uricosuric Agents (e.g., Probenecid, Sulfinpyrazone): May increase the renal excretion of oxypurinol and thereby reduce xanthine oxidase inhibition; additive effects on blood uric acid may be beneficial
- Urinary Acidifiers (e.g., Methionine, Ammonium Chloride): May reduce the solubility of uric acid in the urine and induce urolithiasis
- Azathioprine: Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of azathioprine, leading to severe, potentially fatal myelosuppression.
- Mercaptopurine: Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of mercaptopurine, significantly increasing toxicity risk.
- Amoxicillin / Ampicillin: Concurrent use increases the risk of cutaneous rash.
- Theophylline: May decrease theophylline clearance, increasing the risk of toxicity.
- Thiazide diuretics: May increase the risk of allopurinol hypersensitivity and toxicity.
- Amoxicillin: Increased risk of skin rashes when used concurrently.
常見問題
別嘌醇用於寵物有什麼用途？
> 重要提示： 除非獸醫師另有指示，否則請在飯後（通常約飯後1小時）給予此藥物，以減少腸胃不適。 • 飲食管理： 如果您的寵物正在接受尿酸結石治療，請嚴格遵守獸醫師處方的低嘌呤飲食。若未配合適當飲食而服用此藥，可能會導致形成另一種結石（黃嘌呤結石）。 • 何時應聯繫獸醫師： 如果您的寵物出現皮疹、異常嗜睡或看起來生病，請立即通知您的獸醫師。 • 確保您的寵物隨時有充足的新鮮飲水，以幫助沖洗泌尿系統。
別嘌醇對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。