Allopurinol
別名: Zyloprim, Aloprim, Zyloric, Zylapour
> **Important:** Unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian, administer this medication **after meals** (usually about 1 hour after) to minimize stomach upset. * **Dietary Management:** If your pet is being treated for urate stones, strictly follow the **low-purine diet** prescribed by your vet. Giving this medication without the proper diet can lead to the formation of a different type of stone (xanthine). * **When to Call the Vet:** Notify your veterinarian immediately if your animal develops a **skin rash**, becomes unusually **lethargic**, or appears ill. * Ensure your pet always has access to plenty of fresh drinking water to help flush the urinary system.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Urate uroliths (dissolution)
- Urate uroliths (prevention)
- Urate uroliths (dissolution and prevention)
- Leishmaniasis (First line treatment)
- Leishmaniasis (Second line treatment)
- Leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis (Alternate protocol alone)
- Leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis (with renal insufficiency)
- Leishmaniasis
- Uric acid urolithiasis (Dissolution)
- Uric acid urolithiasis (Prevention)
- Leishmaniosis
- Gout (budgies and cockatiels)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Xanthine urolithiasis (especially with high doses or non-restricted diets)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, erythema)
- Lethargy
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Hepatotoxicity (rare)
- Bone marrow suppression (rare)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to allopurinol
- Red-tailed hawks (anecdotal reports of severe toxicity)
- Prolonged high doses of allopurinol may result in **xanthine uroliths**; it is highly recommended to use concurrently with a low-purine diet for urolith management. Use with caution and consider dose reduction (e.g., 5 mg/kg PO twice daily) in patients with **renal insufficiency**.
藥物相互作用
- Chlorpropamide: May increase risks for hypoglycemia and hepato-renal reactions
- Cyclophosphamide: Increased bone marrow depression may occur
- Cyclosporine: Allopurinol may increase cyclosporine levels
- Diuretics (Furosemide, Thiazides, Diazoxide) and Alcohol: Can increase uric acid levels, antagonizing allopurinol's effect
- Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin): Allopurinol may reduce the metabolism of warfarin thereby increasing its effect
- Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole: Thrombocytopenia has occurred in a few human patients when used concurrently
- Uricosuric Agents (e.g., Probenecid, Sulfinpyrazone): May increase the renal excretion of oxypurinol and thereby reduce xanthine oxidase inhibition; additive effects on blood uric acid may be beneficial
- Urinary Acidifiers (e.g., Methionine, Ammonium Chloride): May reduce the solubility of uric acid in the urine and induce urolithiasis
- Azathioprine: Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of azathioprine, leading to severe, potentially fatal myelosuppression.
- Mercaptopurine: Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of mercaptopurine, significantly increasing toxicity risk.
常見問題
Allopurinol用於寵物有甚麼用途？
> **Important:** Unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian, administer this medication **after meals** (usually about 1 hour after) to minimize stomach upset. * **Dietary Management:** If your pet is being treated for urate stones, strictly follow the **low-purine diet** prescribed by your vet. Giving this medication without the proper diet can lead to the formation of a different type of stone (xanthine). * **When to Call the Vet:** Notify your veterinarian immediately if your animal develops a **skin rash**, becomes unusually **lethargic**, or appears ill. * Ensure your pet always has access to plenty of fresh drinking water to help flush the urinary system.
Allopurinol對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。