Epinephrine
別名: Adrenalin, EpiPen, Twinject, Adrenaline, Epinephrine
Epinephrine is a life-saving emergency medication used for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). * **Emergency Use Only:** If you have been prescribed pre-loaded syringes (like an EpiPen) for your pet, use it *only* for known, severe allergic reactions as directed by your veterinarian. * **Seek Immediate Care:** Even after administering epinephrine, you must take your pet to a veterinary emergency clinic immediately. The drug wears off quickly, and the allergic reaction may return. * **Administration:** Ensure you understand the proper injection technique (usually into the muscle or under the skin) demonstrated by your vet. * **Storage:** Store at room temperature away from light. **Do not use** the medication if it is past its expiration date, if the liquid has turned pink or brown, or if you see particles floating in it.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Anaphylaxis
- Anaphylaxis
- Cardiac resuscitation (asystole)
- Cardiac resuscitation
- Cardiac resuscitation
- Neonatal resuscitation (when respiratory support/compressions fail)
- Anaphylaxis
- Anaphylaxis
- Bronchoconstriction
- Hypotension associated with anesthesia
- Hypotension associated with anesthesia
- Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)
- Bronchoconstriction and anaphylaxis
- Emergency management
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Anxiety and fear
- Tremors and excitability
- Vomiting
- Hypertension (especially with overdosage)
- Cardiac arrhythmias (especially with pre-existing heart disease)
- Hyperuricemia
- Lactic acidosis (with prolonged use or overdose)
- Tissue necrosis and sloughing at the injection site (with repeated injections or injection into small appendages)
注意事項與禁忌
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Hypersensitivity to epinephrine
- Shock due to non-anaphylactoid causes
- During general anesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane
- During labor (may delay the second stage)
- Cardiac dilatation or coronary insufficiency
- Conditions where vasopressors are contraindicated (e.g., thyrotoxicosis, diabetes, hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy)
- Injection with local anesthetics into small appendages (toes, ears, etc.) due to risk of necrosis
- **Hypovolemia:** Epinephrine is not a substitute for adequate fluid volume replacement therapy. **Cardiac Rhythms:** Use with extreme caution in patients with a prefibrillatory cardiac rhythm due to excitatory effects on the heart. While useful in asystole, it can cause ventricular fibrillation; use cautiously in cases of existing ventricular fibrillation. **Tissue Necrosis:** Do not inject into small appendages (ears, toes, tails) as profound vasoconstriction can cause ischemic necrosis and sloughing. **Concentration Errors:** Always double-check the concentration (1:1,000 vs 1:10,000) before administration to avoid fatal overdoses.
藥物相互作用
- Alpha-blockers (phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin): May negate the therapeutic effects of epinephrine.
- Alpha-2 agonists (detomidine, dexmedetomidine, xylazine): Do NOT use epinephrine to treat cardiac effects caused by alpha-2 agonists; may worsen hemodynamics.
- General Anesthetics (halogenated hydrocarbons, cyclopropane): Increased risk of developing severe arrhythmias. Propranolol may be used to treat if they occur.
- Antihistamines (diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine): May potentiate the effects of epinephrine.
- Beta-blockers (propranolol): May potentiate hypertension and antagonize epinephrine's cardiac and bronchodilating effects.
- Digoxin: Increased risk of arrhythmias if used concurrently.
- Nitrates: May reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine.
- Levothyroxine: May potentiate the effects of epinephrine.
- Oxytocic agents: Hypertension may result if used concurrently.
- Other Sympathomimetic agents (isoproterenol): Should not be administered together as increased toxicity may result.
常見問題
Epinephrine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Epinephrine is a life-saving emergency medication used for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). * **Emergency Use Only:** If you have been prescribed pre-loaded syringes (like an EpiPen) for your pet, use it *only* for known, severe allergic reactions as directed by your veterinarian. * **Seek Immediate Care:** Even after administering epinephrine, you must take your pet to a veterinary emergency clinic immediately. The drug wears off quickly, and the allergic reaction may return. * **Administration:** Ensure you understand the proper injection technique (usually into the muscle or under the skin) demonstrated by your vet. * **Storage:** Store at room temperature away from light. **Do not use** the medication if it is past its expiration date, if the liquid has turned pink or brown, or if you see particles floating in it.
Epinephrine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。