Epinephrine
別名: Adrenalin, EpiPen, Twinject, Adrenaline, Epinephrine
Epinephrine is a life-saving emergency medication used for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). * **Emergency Use Only:** If you have been prescribed pre-loaded syringes (like an EpiPen) for your pet, use it *only* for known, severe allergic reactions as directed by your veterinarian. * **Seek Immediate Care:** Even after administering epinephrine, you must take your pet to a veterinary emergency clinic immediately. The drug wears off quickly, and the allergic reaction may return. * **Administration:** Ensure you understand the proper injection technique (usually into the muscle or under the skin) demonstrated by your vet. * **Storage:** Store at room temperature away from light. **Do not use** the medication if it is past its expiration date, if the liquid has turned pink or brown, or if you see particles floating in it.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Anaphylaxis
- Anaphylaxis
- Cardiac resuscitation (asystole)
- Cardiac resuscitation
- Cardiac resuscitation
- Neonatal resuscitation (when respiratory support/compressions fail)
- Anaphylaxis
- Anaphylaxis
- Bronchoconstriction
- Hypotension associated with anesthesia
- Hypotension associated with anesthesia
- Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)
- Bronchoconstriction and anaphylaxis
- Emergency management
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Anxiety and fear
- Tremors and excitability
- Vomiting
- Hypertension (especially with overdosage)
- Cardiac arrhythmias (especially with pre-existing heart disease)
- Hyperuricemia
- Lactic acidosis (with prolonged use or overdose)
- Tissue necrosis and sloughing at the injection site (with repeated injections or injection into small appendages)
注意事項與禁忌
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Hypersensitivity to epinephrine
- Shock due to non-anaphylactoid causes
- During general anesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane
- During labor (may delay the second stage)
- Cardiac dilatation or coronary insufficiency
- Conditions where vasopressors are contraindicated (e.g., thyrotoxicosis, diabetes, hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy)
- Injection with local anesthetics into small appendages (toes, ears, etc.) due to risk of necrosis
- **Hypovolemia:** Epinephrine is not a substitute for adequate fluid volume replacement therapy. **Cardiac Rhythms:** Use with extreme caution in patients with a prefibrillatory cardiac rhythm due to excitatory effects on the heart. While useful in asystole, it can cause ventricular fibrillation; use cautiously in cases of existing ventricular fibrillation. **Tissue Necrosis:** Do not inject into small appendages (ears, toes, tails) as profound vasoconstriction can cause ischemic necrosis and sloughing. **Concentration Errors:** Always double-check the concentration (1:1,000 vs 1:10,000) before administration to avoid fatal overdoses.
藥物相互作用
- Alpha-blockers (phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin): May negate the therapeutic effects of epinephrine.
- Alpha-2 agonists (detomidine, dexmedetomidine, xylazine): Do NOT use epinephrine to treat cardiac effects caused by alpha-2 agonists; may worsen hemodynamics.
- General Anesthetics (halogenated hydrocarbons, cyclopropane): Increased risk of developing severe arrhythmias. Propranolol may be used to treat if they occur.
- Antihistamines (diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine): May potentiate the effects of epinephrine.
- Beta-blockers (propranolol): May potentiate hypertension and antagonize epinephrine's cardiac and bronchodilating effects.
- Digoxin: Increased risk of arrhythmias if used concurrently.
- Nitrates: May reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine.
- Levothyroxine: May potentiate the effects of epinephrine.
- Oxytocic agents: Hypertension may result if used concurrently.
- Other Sympathomimetic agents (isoproterenol): Should not be administered together as increased toxicity may result.
常見問題
Epinephrine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Epinephrine is a life-saving emergency medication used for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). * **Emergency Use Only:** If you have been prescribed pre-loaded syringes (like an EpiPen) for your pet, use it *only* for known, severe allergic reactions as directed by your veterinarian. * **Seek Immediate Care:** Even after administering epinephrine, you must take your pet to a veterinary emergency clinic immediately. The drug wears off quickly, and the allergic reaction may return. * **Administration:** Ensure you understand the proper injection technique (usually into the muscle or under the skin) demonstrated by your vet. * **Storage:** Store at room temperature away from light. **Do not use** the medication if it is past its expiration date, if the liquid has turned pink or brown, or if you see particles floating in it.
Epinephrine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。