Hyperadrenocorticism Dermatologic Signs

TL;DR. Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) in dogs frequently causes distinct skin changes, including symmetrical hair loss, skin thinning, and recurrent infections. Recognizing these dermatologic signs is key to early dia

The classic physical appearance of canine Cushing's disease includes a pot-bellied abdomen and a thin, dull hair coat.

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Hyperadrenocorticism, commonly known as Cushing's disease, is a hormonal disorder that occurs when a dog's body produces too much of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, which are small glands located near the kidneys. Under normal circumstances, cortisol is a vital hormone that helps your dog manage stress, regulate blood sugar, control weight, and fight infections. However, when cortisol levels remain chronically elevated, it acts as a destructive force throughout the body. The skin (integumentary system) is highl

"Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism typically results from excessive administration of glucocorticoids to control allergic or immune-mediated disorders. It can also develop as a result of the administration of eye, ear, or skin medications containing glucocorticoids, especially in small dogs (weight < 10 kg) receiving them long term."

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Cushing's disease is categorized into three primary forms based on its origin: 1. Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism (PDH): This is the most common form, accounting for approximately 80% to 85% of naturally occurring cases. It is caused by a tumor (usually a benign microadenoma) on the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. This tumor overproduces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which constantly signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol. 2. **Adrenal-Dependent Hyperadrenoco

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The symptoms of Cushing's disease span multiple body systems, but the dermatologic signs are often the most prominent and distressing for owners. ### Common Signs * Bilaterally Symmetrical Alopecia: Symmetrical hair loss on both sides of the body, typically sparing the head and legs. The hair becomes thin, brittle, and falls out easily. * Thin, Hypotonic Skin: The skin loses its elasticity and becomes paper-thin, sometimes allowing blood vessels underneath to become clearly visible. * Hyperpigmentation: Darkening or blackening of t

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If your dog is currently being treated for Cushing's disease, or if you suspect they may be developing the condition, monitor them closely. Schedule a veterinary appointment if you notice worsening skin infections, increased scratching, or a return of excessive drinking and urination. **Contact your veterinarian immediately or seek emergency care if your dog exhibits any of the following emergency

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Diagnosing Cushing's disease requires a systematic approach. Because cortisol levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day and can rise due to stress, a single routine blood test cannot confirm the disease. Your vet will start with a thorough physical examination and routine bloodwork, but specific endocrine function tests are required for a definitive diagnosis. * **Urine Cortisol-to-Creatinine

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Treatment for Cushing's disease is tailored to the underlying cause (pituitary vs. adrenal vs. iatrogenic) and the severity of the clinical signs. ### First-Line Medical Therapies For pituitary-dependent and non-surgical adrenal-dependent cases, medical management is the standard of care: * Trilostane (Adrenal Steroid Synthesis Inhibitor): This is the most comm

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Naturally occurring Cushing's disease (pituitary or adrenal-dependent) cannot be prevented, as it stems from spontaneous tumor development. However, iatrogenic Cushing's disease is highly preventable. You can minimize this risk by working closely with your vet to use steroid medications at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible durati

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Veterinary internal medicine references for this condition.

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