글리코피롤레이트

용도

• As an adjunct to anesthesia
• For bradyarrhythmias
• Associated with anesthesia
• As a premed
• As a premed
• For treatment of bradyarrhythmias
• As a bronchodilator
• To control muscarinic adverse effects associated with imidocarb therapy
• For prevention of bradycardia and to decrease airway and salivary secretions (Rabbits)
• As adjunct to anesthesia (Rabbits)
• As a preanesthetic (Rodents)
• As a preanesthetic (Rabbits)
• As part of an injectable anesthesia protocol in rabbits

투여 방법

가능한 부작용

• Dry secretions (xerostomia)
• Initial bradycardia followed by tachycardia
• Decreased gastrointestinal motility (risk of ileus)
• Decreased urinary tract motility
• Mydriasis and cycloplegia

주의사항 및 금기

• Narrow angle glaucoma
• Tachycardias
• Gastrointestinal ileus
• Urinary obstruction
• Hypersensitivity to the drug
• Pregnancy (per some manufacturer labels)
• Use with **extreme caution** in patients with known or suspected GI infections, as decreased GI motility can prolong retention of toxins or causative agents. Use with extreme caution in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, geriatric or pediatric patients, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, or esophageal reflux. Can produce sinus tachycardia and predispose hypotensive patients to cardiac arrhythmias (including ventricular fibrillation).

약물 상호작용

• Amantadine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of glycopyrrolate.
• Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine): May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
• Meperidine: May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
• Phenothiazines: May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
• Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine): May enhance anticholinergic activity or toxicity.
• Amitraz: May aggravate signs seen with amitraz toxicity, leading to hypertension and further inhibition of peristalsis.
• Antacids: May decrease PO absorption; give oral glycopyrrolate at least 1 hour prior to oral antacids.
• Corticosteroids (long-term use): May increase intraocular pressure when used concurrently.
• Digoxin (slow-dissolving): May increase serum digoxin levels; use regular digoxin tablets or oral liquid.
• Ketoconazole: Increased gastric pH may decrease GI absorption; administer 2 hours after ketoconazole.

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