硫酸アトロピン
別称: Atroject, Atropine SA, Atropine L.A., AtroPen, Sal-Tropine
薬の分類: Anticholinergic / Antimuscarinic
- **専門家による投与**：注射用アトロピンの投与は、適切な心電図モニターが利用できる環境で、専門の獣医療スタッフが行うのが最適です。 - **水分補給**：動物が全身的にアトロピンの投与を受けている場合、薬の影響で口が渇きやすくなるため、いつでも自由に水が飲めるようにし、水分補給を促してください。 - **視覚の変化**：ペットの瞳孔が大きく開いていることに気づくかもしれません。この期間中、明るい光に対して敏感になる（羞明）ことがあります。 - **自宅での観察**：便秘や排尿困難の兆候がないか観察し、これらの症状が見られた場合は獣医師に連絡してください。
用量はペットの状態に応じて獣医師が決定します。獣医師の指導なしに人用医薬品や他のペットの処方薬を与えないでください。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
使用用途
- Treating organophosphate toxicity
- Treating organophosphate toxicity
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts
- Treatment of bradycardias
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity
- As a premed
- As a preanesthetic
- Adjunctive treatment of bovine hypersensitivity disease
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity (organophosphates)
- Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone
- Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone
- As a bronchodilator
- As a bronchodilator (rescue medication for severe airway obstruction)
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Organophosphate poisoning
- To assist in diagnosing organophosphate poisoning
- As a preanesthetic
- Organophosphate toxicity
- As an adjunctive preanesthetic agent
- To treat organophosphate toxicity (Rabbits/Rodents)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts
- Adjunctive treatment of bradycardias, Incomplete AV block, etc.
- Atropine Response Test (Rishniw Preference)
- Atropine Response Test (Kittleson Preference)
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity
- Treatment of bronchoconstriction
- Organophosphate toxicity in most species
- Ptyalism in tortoises
投与方法
IVIMSCPOIOIntratracheal (IT)Inhalation
考えられる副作用
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dysphagia
- Constipation
- Vomiting
- Thirst
- Urinary retention or hesitancy
- CNS stimulation, drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, respiratory depression
- Blurred vision, pupil dilation (mydriasis), cycloplegia, photophobia
- Sinus tachycardia (at higher doses)
- Paradoxical bradycardia (initially or at very low doses)
- Hypertension or hypotension
- Arrhythmias (ectopic complexes)
- Decreased gut motility (can induce colic in horses or rumen stasis in cattle)
注意事項と禁忌
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Synechiae (adhesions) between the iris and lens
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- GI obstructive disease or paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)
- **General Precautions:** - Use with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected **GI infections**; decreased motility can prolong retention of causative agents or toxins. - Use with extreme caution in patients with **autonomic neuropathy**. - Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, geriatric or pediatric patients, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, CHF, tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, or esophageal reflux. **Species-Specific Warnings:** - **Neonates**: Reportedly not effective in treating bradycardias in puppies <14 days old or kittens <11 days old. May damage hypoxic myocardia in neonates. - **Rabbits**: Glycopyrrolate is preferred, as ~40% of rabbits possess endogenous atropinesterase, rendering atropine ineffective. - **Horses**: Systemic use may decrease gut motility and induce colic. May reduce arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine. - **Cattle**: May result in inappetence and rumen stasis persisting for several days. - **Food Animals**: FARAD recommends a 28-day meat and 6-day milk withdrawal time when used at doses up to 0.2 mg/kg.
薬物相互作用
- Amantadine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Anticholinergic agents (other): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Disopyramide: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Meperidine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Phenothiazines: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine; do not use in atropine overdose
- Procainamide: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Primidone: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine, medetomidine): Use with alpha-2 blockers may significantly increase arterial blood pressure, heart rates, and the incidence of arrhythmias. Concurrent use is controversial.
- Amitraz: Atropine may aggravate signs of amitraz toxicity, leading to hypertension and further inhibition of peristalsis
- Antacids: May decrease PO atropine absorption; give oral atropine at least 1 hour prior to oral antacids
- Corticosteroids (long-term use): May increase intraocular pressure
- Digoxin (slow-dissolving): Atropine may increase serum digoxin levels; use regular digoxin tablets or oral liquid
- Ketoconazole: Increased gastric pH may decrease GI absorption; administer oral atropine 2 hours after ketoconazole
- Metoclopramide: Atropine and its derivatives may antagonize the actions of metoclopramide
よくある質問
硫酸アトロピンはペットにどう使われていますか？
- 専門家による投与：注射用アトロピンの投与は、適切な心電図モニターが利用できる環境で、専門の獣医療スタッフが行うのが最適です。 - 水分補給：動物が全身的にアトロピンの投与を受けている場合、薬の影響で口が渇きやすくなるため、いつでも自由に水が飲めるようにし、水分補給を促してください。 - 視覚の変化：ペットの瞳孔が大きく開いていることに気づくかもしれません。この期間中、明るい光に対して敏感になる（羞明）ことがあります。 - 自宅での観察：便秘や排尿困難の兆候がないか観察し、これらの症状が見られた場合は獣医師に連絡してください。
硫酸アトロピンはうちのペットに安全ですか？
用量はペットの状態に応じて獣医師が決定します。獣医師の指導なしに人用医薬品や他のペットの処方薬を与えないでください。
この記事は一般的な健康教育を目的としており、専門的な獣医学的アドバイスの代わりにはなりません。ペットが調子悪い場合は、獣医師にご相談ください。