硫酸阿托品
別名: Atroject, Atropine SA, Atropine L.A., AtroPen, Sal-Tropine
藥物類別: Anticholinergic / Antimuscarinic
- **專業給藥**：注射阿托品最好由專業獸醫人員在具備適當心臟監測設備的環境下進行。 - **水分補充**：如果您的動物正在接受全身性阿托品治療，請讓動物自由飲水並鼓勵喝水，因為該藥物常會引起口乾。 - **視覺變化**：您可能會注意到寵物的瞳孔明顯放大。在此期間，牠們可能會對強光敏感（畏光）。 - **居家監測**：觀察是否有便秘或排尿困難的跡象，若出現這些情況請聯繫您的獸醫。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Treating organophosphate toxicity
- Treating organophosphate toxicity
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts
- Treatment of bradycardias
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity
- As a premed
- As a preanesthetic
- Adjunctive treatment of bovine hypersensitivity disease
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity (organophosphates)
- Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone
- Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone
- As a bronchodilator
- As a bronchodilator (rescue medication for severe airway obstruction)
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Organophosphate poisoning
- To assist in diagnosing organophosphate poisoning
- As a preanesthetic
- Organophosphate toxicity
- As an adjunctive preanesthetic agent
- To treat organophosphate toxicity (Rabbits/Rodents)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts
- Adjunctive treatment of bradycardias, Incomplete AV block, etc.
- Atropine Response Test (Rishniw Preference)
- Atropine Response Test (Kittleson Preference)
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity
- Treatment of bronchoconstriction
- Organophosphate toxicity in most species
- Ptyalism in tortoises
給藥方式
IVIMSCPOIOIntratracheal (IT)Inhalation
可能的副作用
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dysphagia
- Constipation
- Vomiting
- Thirst
- Urinary retention or hesitancy
- CNS stimulation, drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, respiratory depression
- Blurred vision, pupil dilation (mydriasis), cycloplegia, photophobia
- Sinus tachycardia (at higher doses)
- Paradoxical bradycardia (initially or at very low doses)
- Hypertension or hypotension
- Arrhythmias (ectopic complexes)
- Decreased gut motility (can induce colic in horses or rumen stasis in cattle)
注意事項與禁忌
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Synechiae (adhesions) between the iris and lens
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- GI obstructive disease or paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)
- **General Precautions:** - Use with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected **GI infections**; decreased motility can prolong retention of causative agents or toxins. - Use with extreme caution in patients with **autonomic neuropathy**. - Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, geriatric or pediatric patients, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, CHF, tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, or esophageal reflux. **Species-Specific Warnings:** - **Neonates**: Reportedly not effective in treating bradycardias in puppies <14 days old or kittens <11 days old. May damage hypoxic myocardia in neonates. - **Rabbits**: Glycopyrrolate is preferred, as ~40% of rabbits possess endogenous atropinesterase, rendering atropine ineffective. - **Horses**: Systemic use may decrease gut motility and induce colic. May reduce arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine. - **Cattle**: May result in inappetence and rumen stasis persisting for several days. - **Food Animals**: FARAD recommends a 28-day meat and 6-day milk withdrawal time when used at doses up to 0.2 mg/kg.
藥物相互作用
- Amantadine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Anticholinergic agents (other): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Disopyramide: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Meperidine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Phenothiazines: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine; do not use in atropine overdose
- Procainamide: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Primidone: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine, medetomidine): Use with alpha-2 blockers may significantly increase arterial blood pressure, heart rates, and the incidence of arrhythmias. Concurrent use is controversial.
- Amitraz: Atropine may aggravate signs of amitraz toxicity, leading to hypertension and further inhibition of peristalsis
- Antacids: May decrease PO atropine absorption; give oral atropine at least 1 hour prior to oral antacids
- Corticosteroids (long-term use): May increase intraocular pressure
- Digoxin (slow-dissolving): Atropine may increase serum digoxin levels; use regular digoxin tablets or oral liquid
- Ketoconazole: Increased gastric pH may decrease GI absorption; administer oral atropine 2 hours after ketoconazole
- Metoclopramide: Atropine and its derivatives may antagonize the actions of metoclopramide
常見問題
硫酸阿托品用於寵物有什麼用途？
- 專業給藥：注射阿托品最好由專業獸醫人員在具備適當心臟監測設備的環境下進行。 - 水分補充：如果您的動物正在接受全身性阿托品治療，請讓動物自由飲水並鼓勵喝水，因為該藥物常會引起口乾。 - 視覺變化：您可能會注意到寵物的瞳孔明顯放大。在此期間，牠們可能會對強光敏感（畏光）。 - 居家監測：觀察是否有便秘或排尿困難的跡象，若出現這些情況請聯繫您的獸醫。
硫酸阿托品對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。