Atropine Sulfate
別名: Atroject, Atropine SA, Atropine L.A., AtroPen, Sal-Tropine
- **Professional Administration**: Parenteral atropine administration is best performed by professional veterinary staff in a setting where adequate cardiac monitoring is available. - **Hydration**: If your animal is receiving atropine systemically, allow free access to water and encourage drinking, as the medication frequently causes a dry mouth. - **Visual Changes**: You may notice your pet's pupils become widely dilated. They may be sensitive to bright lights (photophobia) during this time. - **Monitoring at Home**: Watch for signs of constipation or difficulty urinating, and contact your veterinarian if these occur.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Treating organophosphate toxicity
- Treating organophosphate toxicity
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant (geriatric patients)
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- As a preanesthetic adjuvant
- During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) efforts
- Treatment of bradycardias
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity
- As a premed
- As a preanesthetic
- Adjunctive treatment of bovine hypersensitivity disease
- Treatment of cholinergic toxicity (organophosphates)
- Treatment of bradyarrhythmias due to increased parasympathetic tone
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dysphagia
- Constipation
- Vomiting
- Thirst
- Urinary retention or hesitancy
- CNS stimulation, drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, respiratory depression
- Blurred vision, pupil dilation (mydriasis), cycloplegia, photophobia
- Sinus tachycardia (at higher doses)
- Paradoxical bradycardia (initially or at very low doses)
- Hypertension or hypotension
- Arrhythmias (ectopic complexes)
- Decreased gut motility (can induce colic in horses or rumen stasis in cattle)
注意事項與禁忌
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Synechiae (adhesions) between the iris and lens
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- GI obstructive disease or paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)
- **General Precautions:** - Use with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected **GI infections**; decreased motility can prolong retention of causative agents or toxins. - Use with extreme caution in patients with **autonomic neuropathy**. - Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, geriatric or pediatric patients, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, CHF, tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, or esophageal reflux. **Species-Specific Warnings:** - **Neonates**: Reportedly not effective in treating bradycardias in puppies <14 days old or kittens <11 days old. May damage hypoxic myocardia in neonates. - **Rabbits**: Glycopyrrolate is preferred, as ~40% of rabbits possess endogenous atropinesterase, rendering atropine ineffective. - **Horses**: Systemic use may decrease gut motility and induce colic. May reduce arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine. - **Cattle**: May result in inappetence and rumen stasis persisting for several days. - **Food Animals**: FARAD recommends a 28-day meat and 6-day milk withdrawal time when used at doses up to 0.2 mg/kg.
藥物相互作用
- Amantadine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Anticholinergic agents (other): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Disopyramide: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Meperidine: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Phenothiazines: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine; do not use in atropine overdose
- Procainamide: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Primidone: May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine): May enhance the activity or toxicity of atropine
- Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine, medetomidine): Use with alpha-2 blockers may significantly increase arterial blood pressure, heart rates, and the incidence of arrhythmias. Concurrent use is controversial.
- Amitraz: Atropine may aggravate signs of amitraz toxicity, leading to hypertension and further inhibition of peristalsis
常見問題
Atropine Sulfate用於寵物有甚麼用途？
- **Professional Administration**: Parenteral atropine administration is best performed by professional veterinary staff in a setting where adequate cardiac monitoring is available. - **Hydration**: If your animal is receiving atropine systemically, allow free access to water and encourage drinking, as the medication frequently causes a dry mouth. - **Visual Changes**: You may notice your pet's pupils become widely dilated. They may be sensitive to bright lights (photophobia) during this time. - **Monitoring at Home**: Watch for signs of constipation or difficulty urinating, and contact your veterinarian if these occur.
Atropine Sulfate對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。