氮芥 (Mechlorethamine)

用途

• Lymphoma rescue (MOPP protocol)
• Lymphoma rescue (MOPP protocol)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Ototoxicity (with high doses or regional perfusion)
• Alopecia
• Hyperuricemia
• Hepatotoxicity
• Peripheral neuropathy
• GI ulcers
• Severe tissue sloughing (if extravasated)

注意事項與禁忌

• Known infection
• Prior anaphylactic reaction to mechlorethamine
• Pregnancy (Category D teratogen)
• Anemia (relative)
• Bone marrow depression (relative)
• Tumor cell infiltration into bone marrow (relative)
• Patients who have received previous extensive chemotherapy or radiotherapy (relative)
• **Extravasation Risk:** Mechlorethamine is a potent vesicant. Extravasation will cause severe tissue necrosis and sloughing. Ensure a perfectly placed, clean IV catheter before administration. **Hazardous Drug:** This is a highly toxic antineoplastic agent. Strict hazardous drug handling protocols (gloves, gowns, biologic safety cabinet, closed-system transfer devices) must be utilized to protect veterinary personnel. **Teratogenicity:** It is a known teratogen and can suppress gonadal function. Pregnant women should absolutely avoid handling this drug or the patient's waste. **Hyperuricemia:** May raise serum uric acid levels; allopurinol may be required in susceptible patients.

藥物相互作用

• Immunosuppressant drugs (e.g., azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids): May increase the risk of severe infection.
• Myelosuppressive drugs (e.g., chloramphenicol, flucytosine, amphotericin B, colchicine): Additive bone marrow depression; use with extreme caution.
• Live vaccines: Increased risk of vaccine-induced infection or decreased vaccine efficacy; use with caution or avoid.

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