硫酸慶大黴素

用途

• Empiric therapy for susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Localized, urinary infections
• Bacteremia, sepsis
• Colibacillosis in neonates
• Colibacillosis in weanlings and other swine
• Swine dysentery (Treponema hyodysenteriae)
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections in Foals
• Susceptible infections in Adults
• Systemic treatment of reproductive tract infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis)
• Ototoxicity (auditory and vestibular; cats are highly sensitive to vestibular effects)
• Neuromuscular blockade
• Facial edema
• Pain or inflammation at the injection site
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Rarely: GI signs, hematologic, and hepatic effects
• Nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis)
• Ototoxicity (auditory and vestibular)
• Neuromuscular blockade (rare)
• Delayed epithelial healing of corneal ulcers (ophthalmic use)
• Local irritation

注意事項與禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides
• Use with extreme caution in preexisting renal disease
• Use with caution in working dogs (e.g., seeing-eye, herding, hearing-impaired assistance dogs) due to irreversible ototoxicity
• Use with caution in patients with neuromuscular disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis)
• Do not use in animals with botulism
• Use with caution in rabbits (adversely affects GI flora)
• Use with caution in neonates, geriatrics, and dehydrated patients
• Perforated tympanum (for aural preparations)
• Concurrent use of other nephrotoxic drugs
• Systemic use exceeding 7 days
• Pregnancy
• Aminoglycosides are eliminated primarily through renal mechanisms; use cautiously with serum monitoring and dosage adjustments in neonatal or geriatric animals. Sighthound dogs have significantly smaller volumes of distribution and may require reduced dosages. IM injections in horses can cause muscle irritation; IV is preferred. Monitor for antibiotic-associated diarrhea/colitis in horses (may promote Beta-2 toxin production by *C. perfringens*).

藥物相互作用

• Beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins): Synergistic effects against some bacteria; however, potential for in vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides (do not mix in the same syringe/bag) and in vivo inactivation in patients with renal failure.
• Cephalosporins: Potential additive nephrotoxicity (well documented with older cephalosporins like cephalothin).
• Loop or Osmotic Diuretics (e.g., furosemide, torsemide, mannitol): Concurrent use may increase the nephrotoxic or ototoxic potential of aminoglycosides.
• Other Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., cisplatin, amphotericin B, polymyxin B, vancomycin): Increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
• Neuromuscular blocking agents & General anesthetics: Concomitant use could potentiate neuromuscular blockade.
• Amphotericin B: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
• Furosemide: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
• Heparin: In vitro chemical inactivation (do not mix in same syringe)
• Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (Atracurium, Pancuronium, Vecuronium): Enhanced neuromuscular blockade

常見問題