布托啡諾
別名: Stadol, Torbutrol, Torbugesic, Dolorex, Equanol, Alvegesic, Butomidor, Torphasol
藥物類別: Opiate Partial Agonist / Antitussive / Analgesic
**這是什麼藥物？** 布托啡諾是一種用於緩解咳嗽、提供輕度止痛，或在獸醫進行處置前作為鎮靜劑的藥物。 **我應該預期什麼情況？** * 您的寵物可能會變得嗜睡或稍微步態不穩（搖晃）。這是正常現象，但在藥效消退前，請將牠們安置在安全、安靜的環境中（例如避免上下樓梯）。 * 如果是為了治療咳嗽而開立此藥，您應該會注意到咳嗽發作的頻率顯著減少。 **重要警告：** * **請勿超過處方劑量給藥。** 給予過多藥物並不會增加止痛效果，反而會增加副作用。 * 如果您寵物的咳嗽從「乾咳」變成「有痰的濕咳」，請聯繫您的獸醫師。抑制濕咳可能會導致黏液積聚在肺部。 * 如果發現寵物行為有重大改變、食慾不振，或出現嚴重的便秘/腹瀉，請向您的獸醫師報告。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- As an analgesic
- As a postoperative CRI
- As an epidural analgesic
- As reversal agent for mu-agonist opiates
- In combination as an immobilizing agent (short procedures)
- In combination as an immobilizing agent (more sedation)
- As a sedative/analgesic
- For injectable anesthesia
- Immobilization combinations
- As an analgesic
- For post-op analgesia (CRI)
- As an analgesic for surgery in adult cattle
- As an analgesic
- As an analgesic
- For moderate to marked abdominal pain
- For colic pain
- Analgesia in Foals
- Post-op pain (CRI)
- As a preanesthetic, outpatient surgery, or chemical restraint
- For field anesthesia (adjunct)
- As an antitussive
- As an analgesic, sedative, preanesthetic
- As an analgesic
- For chemical restraint in rabbits
- For postsurgical analgesia in rabbits
- Rabbits: As an analgesic (post-operative pain)
- Rabbits for post-op analgesia (CRI)
- Camelids (llamas and alpacas): As a sedative
- Camelids: As an anesthetic
- Camelids: For procedural pain (e.g., castrations)
- Camelids: For analgesia
- As an antitussive
- As an antitussive
- As an antitussive
- As an analgesic
- As an analgesic (CRI)
- As an epidural analgesic
- In combination as an immobilizing agent (short procedures)
- In combination as an immobilizing agent (more sedation)
- As reversal agent for mu-agonist opiates
- As an anti-emetic prior to cisplatin treatment
- As an analgesic
給藥方式
POIMIVSCEpiduralCRI (Constant Rate Infusion)
可能的副作用
- Sedation and ataxia
- Anorexia or diarrhea (rare in small animals)
- Respiratory depression (mild compared to pure agonists)
- CNS excitement, head tossing, and increased ambulation (especially in horses at high doses or rapid IV administration)
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility and potential ileus (horses)
- Nystagmus, salivation, seizures, and hyperthermia (at massive overdoses in horses)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to butorphanol
- Lower respiratory tract conditions with copious mucous production (suppressing cough prevents clearance)
- Caution in patients with head trauma, increased CSF pressure, or severe CNS dysfunction (e.g., coma)
- Caution in severe liver disease, renal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, or Addison's disease
- Caution in dogs with heartworm disease (safety not established)
- **MDR1 (ABCB1) Mutation Warning**: Dogs with the MDR1 mutation (e.g., Collies, Australian Shepherds) may develop pronounced and prolonged sedation. Reduce the dose by 25% in heterozygous dogs and by 30-50% in homozygous mutant dogs. **Geriatric/Debilitated Patients**: Use with caution and consider dose reductions. **Hepatic/Renal Impairment**: The manufacturer advises against use in dogs with a history of liver disease. Use cautiously in renal insufficiency. **Pregnancy/Nursing**: Category C (human). Safe for use if used cautiously in dogs/cats, but manufacturer does not recommend use in pregnant bitches, foals, weanlings, or breeding horses.
藥物相互作用
- Other CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression; dosage may need to be decreased.
- Erythromycin: Could potentially decrease the metabolism of butorphanol, prolonging its effects.
- Fentanyl (and other pure opiate agonists): Butorphanol may antagonize analgesic effects, but will also reverse sedative and respiratory depressant effects.
- Pancuronium: May cause increased conjunctival changes when used concurrently.
- Theophylline: Could potentially decrease the metabolism of butorphanol.
- Anaesthetic agents: Reduces the doses of other drugs required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia
- Full mu-opioid agonists (e.g., methadone, fentanyl): Addition of butorphanol will reduce analgesia produced from the full mu agonist; combination is not recommended for analgesia
- Acepromazine: Synergistic sedation
- Alpha-2 agonists: Synergistic sedation and analgesia
- Full mu-agonist opioids (e.g., methadone, fentanyl): Butorphanol's mu-antagonist properties may block or partially reverse the analgesic effects of full mu-agonists. Higher doses of full mu-agonists may be required.
常見問題
布托啡諾用於寵物有什麼用途？
這是什麼藥物？ 布托啡諾是一種用於緩解咳嗽、提供輕度止痛，或在獸醫進行處置前作為鎮靜劑的藥物。 我應該預期什麼情況？ • 您的寵物可能會變得嗜睡或稍微步態不穩（搖晃）。這是正常現象，但在藥效消退前，請將牠們安置在安全、安靜的環境中（例如避免上下樓梯）。 • 如果是為了治療咳嗽而開立此藥，您應該會注意到咳嗽發作的頻率顯著減少。 重要警告： • 請勿超過處方劑量給藥。 給予過多藥物並不會增加止痛效果，反而會增加副作用。 • 如果您寵物的咳嗽從「乾咳」變成「有痰的濕咳」，請聯繫您的獸醫師。抑制濕咳可能會導致黏液積聚在肺部。 • 如果發現寵物行為有重大改變、食慾不振，或出現嚴重的便秘/腹瀉，請向您的獸醫師報告。
布托啡諾對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。