Butorphanol
別名: Stadol, Torbutrol, Torbugesic, Dolorex, Equanol, Alvegesic, Butomidor, Torphasol
**What is this medication?** Butorphanol is a medication used to relieve coughing, provide mild pain relief, or act as a sedative before veterinary procedures. **What should I expect?** * Your pet will likely become sleepy or slightly uncoordinated (wobbly). This is normal, but you should keep them in a safe, quiet environment (e.g., avoid stairs) until the effects wear off. * If prescribed for a cough, you should notice a significant decrease in coughing spells. **Important Warnings:** * **Do not give more than prescribed.** Giving too much will not increase pain relief but can increase side effects. * If your pet's cough changes from a "dry, hacking" cough to a "wet, productive" cough, contact your veterinarian. Suppressing a wet cough can trap mucus in the lungs. * Report any significant changes in behavior, loss of appetite, or severe constipation/diarrhea to your veterinarian.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- As an analgesic
- As a postoperative CRI
- As an epidural analgesic
- As reversal agent for mu-agonist opiates
- In combination as an immobilizing agent (short procedures)
- In combination as an immobilizing agent (more sedation)
- As a sedative/analgesic
- For injectable anesthesia
- Immobilization combinations
- As an analgesic
- For post-op analgesia (CRI)
- As an analgesic for surgery in adult cattle
- As an analgesic
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Sedation and ataxia
- Anorexia or diarrhea (rare in small animals)
- Respiratory depression (mild compared to pure agonists)
- CNS excitement, head tossing, and increased ambulation (especially in horses at high doses or rapid IV administration)
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility and potential ileus (horses)
- Nystagmus, salivation, seizures, and hyperthermia (at massive overdoses in horses)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to butorphanol
- Lower respiratory tract conditions with copious mucous production (suppressing cough prevents clearance)
- Caution in patients with head trauma, increased CSF pressure, or severe CNS dysfunction (e.g., coma)
- Caution in severe liver disease, renal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, or Addison's disease
- Caution in dogs with heartworm disease (safety not established)
- **MDR1 (ABCB1) Mutation Warning**: Dogs with the MDR1 mutation (e.g., Collies, Australian Shepherds) may develop pronounced and prolonged sedation. Reduce the dose by 25% in heterozygous dogs and by 30-50% in homozygous mutant dogs. **Geriatric/Debilitated Patients**: Use with caution and consider dose reductions. **Hepatic/Renal Impairment**: The manufacturer advises against use in dogs with a history of liver disease. Use cautiously in renal insufficiency. **Pregnancy/Nursing**: Category C (human). Safe for use if used cautiously in dogs/cats, but manufacturer does not recommend use in pregnant bitches, foals, weanlings, or breeding horses.
藥物相互作用
- Other CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression; dosage may need to be decreased.
- Erythromycin: Could potentially decrease the metabolism of butorphanol, prolonging its effects.
- Fentanyl (and other pure opiate agonists): Butorphanol may antagonize analgesic effects, but will also reverse sedative and respiratory depressant effects.
- Pancuronium: May cause increased conjunctival changes when used concurrently.
- Theophylline: Could potentially decrease the metabolism of butorphanol.
- Anaesthetic agents: Reduces the doses of other drugs required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia
- Full mu-opioid agonists (e.g., methadone, fentanyl): Addition of butorphanol will reduce analgesia produced from the full mu agonist; combination is not recommended for analgesia
- Acepromazine: Synergistic sedation
- Alpha-2 agonists: Synergistic sedation and analgesia
- Full mu-agonist opioids (e.g., methadone, fentanyl): Butorphanol's mu-antagonist properties may block or partially reverse the analgesic effects of full mu-agonists. Higher doses of full mu-agonists may be required.
常見問題
Butorphanol用於寵物有甚麼用途？
**What is this medication?** Butorphanol is a medication used to relieve coughing, provide mild pain relief, or act as a sedative before veterinary procedures. **What should I expect?** * Your pet will likely become sleepy or slightly uncoordinated (wobbly). This is normal, but you should keep them in a safe, quiet environment (e.g., avoid stairs) until the effects wear off. * If prescribed for a cough, you should notice a significant decrease in coughing spells. **Important Warnings:** * **Do not give more than prescribed.** Giving too much will not increase pain relief but can increase side effects. * If your pet's cough changes from a "dry, hacking" cough to a "wet, productive" cough, contact your veterinarian. Suppressing a wet cough can trap mucus in the lungs. * Report any significant changes in behavior, loss of appetite, or severe constipation/diarrhea to your veterinarian.
Butorphanol對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。