氨苄西林與舒巴坦 (Ampicillin/Sulbactam)

用途

• For respiratory infections using ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn®)
• As adjunctive treatment of serious bite wounds
• For intra-abdominal infections
• For respiratory infections
• For respiratory infections
• As adjunctive treatment of serious bite wounds
• For intra-abdominal infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Pain at intramuscular injection sites
• Thrombophlebitis (with intravenous injection)
• Hypersensitivity reactions (including severe anaphylaxis, particularly after IV administration)
• Neurotoxicity (e.g., ataxia in dogs) at high doses or prolonged use
• Elevated liver enzymes
• Tachypnea, dyspnea, edema, and tachycardia (reported in dogs)

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to penicillins
• Use cautiously in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, cefamycins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity. Patients with severe renal dysfunction may require increased intervals between doses. Safe use during pregnancy has not been firmly established (FDA Category B; Papich Class A), use only when potential benefits outweigh risks.

藥物相互作用

• Aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin): In vitro inactivation if mixed together; synergistic in vivo, but penicillins can inactivate aminoglycosides in patients with renal failure or when used in massive dosages. Amikacin is the most resistant to this inactivation.
• Bacteriostatic antimicrobials (chloramphenicol, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides): Potential in vitro antagonism between beta-lactam antibiotics and bacteriostatic antibiotics; clinical importance is unclear.
• Probenecid: Reduces the renal tubular secretion of both ampicillin and sulbactam, maintaining higher systemic levels for a longer period.

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