氨茶鹼

用途

• Bronchodilation
• Emergency bronchodilation
• Bronchodilation

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Polydipsia (PD)
• Polyuria (PU)
• Reduced appetite
• Tachycardia
• Arrhythmias
• Nausea
• Twitching
• Restlessness
• Agitation
• Excitement
• Convulsions
• Hyperaesthesia (especially in cats)
• Intense local pain (if given IM)

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with a known history of arrhythmias
• Patients with a known history of seizures
• * **Low Therapeutic Index:** Must be dosed carefully based on lean body weight. * **Therapeutic Monitoring:** Target plasma aminophylline values are **5-20 μg/ml**. * **Administration Warning:** Do NOT mix aminophylline in a syringe with other drugs. * **Route Warning:** Causes intense local pain when given IM; this route is very rarely used or recommended. * **Adverse Effects:** Most adverse effects are dose-dependent and related to toxic serum concentrations. Modified-release preparations may decrease the severity of these effects.

藥物相互作用

• Cimetidine: May increase serum levels of aminophylline
• Diltiazem: May increase serum levels of aminophylline
• Erythromycin: May increase serum levels of aminophylline
• Fluoroquinolones: May increase serum levels of aminophylline
• Allopurinol: May increase serum levels of aminophylline
• Phenobarbital: May decrease the serum concentration of aminophylline
• Pancuronium: Aminophylline may decrease the effects of pancuronium
• Beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol): May antagonize each other's effects
• Halothane: Increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias
• Ketamine: Increased incidence of seizures

常見問題