阿塞丙嗪

用途

• Sedation
• Sedation
• Labeled dose
• Restraint/sedation
• Preanesthetic
• To reduce anxiety in the painful patient (not a substitute for analgesia)
• Premedication
• As a premedicant with morphine
• Sedation and premedication (Non-Boxers)
• Sedation and premedication (Non-Boxers)
• Sedation and premedication (Non-Boxers)
• Sedation and premedication (Boxers)
• As a tranquilizer
• Sedation

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Hypotension and cardiovascular collapse
• Bradycardia (vagally mediated) or reflex tachycardia
• Hypothermia or hyperthermia
• Penile protrusion/prolapse in large animals (especially stallions)
• Prolapse of the membrana nictitans (third eyelid)
• Decreased tear production (especially in cats)
• Paradoxical excitement, restlessness, or aggression
• Transient pain at IM injection sites
• Decreased hematocrit (due to splenic sequestration of RBCs)

注意事項與禁忌

• Significant cardiac disease
• Hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock
• Tetanus or strychnine intoxication
• Intra-arterial injection in horses (can cause severe CNS excitement, seizures, death)
• Use with extreme caution in very young, geriatric, or debilitated animals
• Avoid in racing animals within 4 days of a race
• **Dosage Adjustments:** The manufacturer's labeled dose is often considered up to 10 times higher than clinically necessary. Use lower end of dose ranges. **Breed Sensitivities:** * **MDR1 Mutation:** Dogs with the MDR1 (ABCB1) mutation (Collies, Australian Shepherds, etc.) require a 25% dose reduction if heterozygous, and a 30-50% reduction if homozygous. * **Giant Breeds & Sight Hounds:** Extremely sensitive; require lower doses. * **Terriers:** May be somewhat resistant to effects. **Administration:** Give IV injections slowly. Allow at least 15 minutes for onset of action. **Never inject intra-arterially** in horses. **Behavioral:** Use cautiously as a restraining agent in aggressive dogs; it may make the animal more prone to startle and react to noises. **Other:** May cause regurgitation of ruminal contents in cattle during general anesthesia induction.

藥物相互作用

• Acetaminophen: Possible increased risk for hypothermia
• Antacids: May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• Antidiarrheal mixtures (Kaolin/pectin, bismuth): May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics): May cause additive CNS depression if used with acepromazine
• Dopamine: Acepromazine may impair the vasopressive action of dopamine
• Emetics: Acepromazine may reduce the effectiveness of emetics
• Epinephrine, Ephedrine: Concomitant use can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
• Metoclopramide: May increase risks for extrapyramidal adverse effects
• Opiates: May enhance hypotensive effects; dosages of acepromazine are generally reduced when used with an opiate
• Organophosphate Agents: Effects may be potentiated; do not give within one month of worming with these agents

常見問題