Hydrochlorothiazide
別名: HydroDIURIL, Microzide, Aldactazide, Hydro-Par, Ezide, Co-amilozide, Moduret, Moduretic
**Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)** is a "water pill" (diuretic) used to treat fluid retention, high blood pressure, certain types of kidney stones (calcium oxalate), and a specific water-balance disorder called diabetes insipidus. * **Increased Urination**: Your pet will likely urinate more frequently and in larger amounts. Ensure they always have access to fresh, clean drinking water unless your veterinarian has specifically restricted it. * **Bathroom Breaks**: Dogs will need to be let outside more often to prevent indoor accidents. Ensure litter boxes are kept clean for cats. * **Watch for Imbalances**: Because this drug removes water and salts from the body, watch for signs of dehydration or low potassium. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice: * Excessive thirst or extreme lethargy/weakness * Restlessness or confusion * Vomiting or diarrhea (which can worsen fluid loss) * A sudden decrease in urination * **Give with Food**: If the medication upsets your pet's stomach, try giving it with a small meal or treat. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: If treating heart failure or high blood pressure, do not stop giving this medication without consulting your veterinarian, as symptoms can rapidly return.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Treatment of systemic hypertension
- Treatment of systemic hypertension
- Diuretic for heart failure
- Ascites in patients with liver disease
- To reduce calcium oxalate saturation in urine
- Refractory congestive heart failure / Calcium oxalate urolithiasis prevention / Hypertension
- Adjunctive therapy of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyPP)
- Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Treatment of systemic hypertension
- Prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate uroliths with renal hypercalcuria
- Prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate uroliths with renal hypercalcuria
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Hypokalemia (most common)
- Hypochloremic alkalosis
- Dilutional hyponatremia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroid-like effects)
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Gastrointestinal reactions (vomiting, diarrhea)
- Polyuria
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemias
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Hypersensitivity/dermatologic reactions
- Hypokalaemia
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to thiazides or sulfonamides
- Anuria
- Pregnancy (relative contraindication in otherwise healthy patients with mild edema)
- Dogs with absorptive (intestinal) hypercalciuria (may result in hypercalcemia)
- Renal impairment (due to reduction in GFR)
- Severe electrolyte imbalances (e.g., severe hypokalaemia or hyponatraemia)
- **Extreme Caution/Avoid**: Severe renal disease, preexisting electrolyte (including hypercalcemia) or water balance abnormalities, impaired hepatic function (may precipitate hepatic coma), hyperuricemia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or diabetes mellitus. **Monitoring**: Patients with conditions that may lead to electrolyte or water balance abnormalities (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea) should be monitored carefully. Chronic therapy requires monitoring of serum potassium. **Laboratory Test Interferences**: May increase serum amylase, decrease renal excretion of cortisol, falsely decrease total urinary estrogen, cause false-negative histamine tests for pheochromocytoma, elevate serum calcium (discontinue prior to parathyroid testing), compete for PSP secretion, cause false-negative phentolamine tests, decrease protein-bound iodine, slightly reduce T3 resin uptake, and cause false-negative tyramine tests.
藥物相互作用
- Amphotericin B: Increased risk for severe hypokalemia
- Corticosteroids, Corticotropin: Increased risk for severe hypokalemia
- Diazoxide: Increased risk for hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypotension
- Digoxin: Thiazide-induced hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and/or hypercalcemia may increase the likelihood of digitalis toxicity
- Insulin: Thiazides may increase insulin requirements
- Lithium: Thiazides can increase serum lithium concentrations
- Methenamine: Thiazides can alkalinize urine and reduce methenamine effectiveness
- NSAIDs: Thiazides may increase risk for renal toxicity and NSAIDs may reduce diuretic actions of thiazides
- Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Tubocurarine or other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents response or duration of effect may be increased
- Probenecid: Blocks thiazide-induced uric acid retention (used to therapeutic advantage)
- Quinidine: Half-life may be prolonged by thiazides (thiazides can alkalinize the urine)
常見問題
Hydrochlorothiazide用於寵物有甚麼用途？
**Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)** is a "water pill" (diuretic) used to treat fluid retention, high blood pressure, certain types of kidney stones (calcium oxalate), and a specific water-balance disorder called diabetes insipidus. * **Increased Urination**: Your pet will likely urinate more frequently and in larger amounts. Ensure they always have access to fresh, clean drinking water unless your veterinarian has specifically restricted it. * **Bathroom Breaks**: Dogs will need to be let outside more often to prevent indoor accidents. Ensure litter boxes are kept clean for cats. * **Watch for Imbalances**: Because this drug removes water and salts from the body, watch for signs of dehydration or low potassium. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice: * Excessive thirst or extreme lethargy/weakness * Restlessness or confusion * Vomiting or diarrhea (which can worsen fluid loss) * A sudden decrease in urination * **Give with Food**: If the medication upsets your pet's stomach, try giving it with a small meal or treat. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: If treating heart failure or high blood pressure, do not stop giving this medication without consulting your veterinarian, as symptoms can rapidly return.
Hydrochlorothiazide對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。