Psittacosis

TL;DR. Nhiễm khuẩn rất lây ở chim, lây sang người; kháng sinh dài ngày và vệ sinh nghiêm ngặt.

Uể oải và lông xù là dấu hiệu không đặc hiệu thường gặp.

Là gì?

Psittacosis (avian chlamydiosis) is infection with the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci). Affects many bird species (especially psittacines, pigeons, poultry) and is zoonotic ("parrot fever" in people).

Nguyên nhân và yếu tố nguy cơ

Inhalation or ingestion of bacteria shed in feces, urine, nasal secretions, and dander. Survives in dried organic material. Stress flares latent carriage. New birds without quarantine, wild-bird contact, and poor sanitation raise risk.

Dấu hiệu

• Lethargy, ruffled feathers, anorexia (cardinal)
• Lime-green/yellow-green urates (liver involvement)
• Nasal/ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, tail bobbing (common)
• Neurologic signs or sudden death (severe/rare)

Viêm kết mạc và chảy mũi là dấu hiệu hô hấp phổ biến.

Chẩn đoán

History and exam. PCR on choanal/cloacal swabs (intermittent shedding). Serology, CBC, radiographs. One negative test does not prove freedom from infection.

Điều trị

Doxycycline for typically 45 consecutive days (gold standard). Remove high-calcium sources during oral therapy. Alternatives e.g. azithromycin if not tolerated. Supportive care and biosecurity.

Tiên lượng

Good to excellent with early full course. Guarded if advanced organ damage or concurrent PBFD. Reinfection possible.

Phòng ngừa

30-45 day quarantine and testing of new birds; daily cleaning with effective disinfectants; reduce stress; limit wild-bird contact; PPE when cleaning suspect cages.

Khi nào gọi thú y

Emergency: open-mouth breathing/heavy tail bobbing, bottom-sitting, no food/water 12-24 h, severe lime-green droppings, neurologic signs. Humans with flu-like illness after bird contact should tell a physician.

Nguồn

• Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, pp. 1288, 1296, 1300.

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