ペントバルビタール

使用用途

• For chemical restraint for ventilatory support
• As a sedative
• As a sedative
• For status epilepticus
• For status epilepticus
• For anesthesia
• Euthanasia
• General
• As an anesthetic
• As an anesthetic
• As an anesthetic (Adult Sheep)
• As an anesthetic (Lambs)
• General anesthesia
• Light anesthesia

投与方法

考えられる副作用

• Profound respiratory depression (apnea)
• Depression of myocardial metabolism
• Vasodilation and decreased venous return
• Hypotension and decreased cardiac perfusion
• Poikilothermia (hypothermia)
• Decreased urinary output
• Seizure-like movements or excitement during recovery from anesthesia
• Excitement and injury during induction/recovery in large animals (especially horses)
• Narcotic excitement (if not premedicated)
• Agonal gasping (reflexive, not a sign of pain)
• Muscle twitching
• Vocalization (rare, usually associated with excitement phase)

注意事項と禁忌

• Severe hepatic impairment
• Severe respiratory depression or airway obstruction
• Porphyria
• Hypovolemia or severe cardiovascular instability (relative contraindication)
• Intramuscular (IM) administration (painful and slow to act)
• Use of euthanasia-specific solutions for seizure control or anesthesia
• > **Cardiopulmonary Depression:** Pentobarbital causes dose-dependent respiratory and cardiovascular depression. Patients in a 'barbiturate coma' commonly require mechanical ventilation and intensive care support (e.g., saline infusion and dopamine to manage hypotension). > **Individual Variation:** There is tremendous individual variation in response when used at standard safe doses. Always titrate to effect. > **Laboratory Interference:** Barbiturates may cause increased retention of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) and give falsely elevated results. Do not administer within 24 hours before BSP retention tests. * **Equine Use:** Generally not considered an ideal agent for adult horses due to the possible development of excitement and injury when the animal is 'knocked down'. * **Tissue Irritation:** Highly alkaline (pH 9-10.5); perivascular injection can cause severe tissue necrosis.

薬物相互作用

• Oral Anticoagulants (Warfarin): Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration (due to hepatic enzyme induction)
• Beta-blockers: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Chloramphenicol: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Clonazepam: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Corticosteroids: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Cyclosporine: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Doxorubicin: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Doxycycline: Decreased effect (may persist for weeks after barbiturate is discontinued)
• Estrogens: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Griseofulvin: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
• Methadone: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration

よくある質問