Pentobarbital
別名: Nembutal, Dolethal, Euthanimal, Euthasal, Euthatal, Euthoxin, Lethobarb, Pentoject
This medication is a powerful sedative and anesthetic. * **Hospital Use:** It is almost exclusively used in a veterinary hospital setting under close professional supervision, often in an intensive care unit. * **At-Home Use:** If oral dosage forms are dispensed for home use, **strict adherence to the veterinarian's dosing instructions is critical**. Overdoses can be fatal. * **Safety:** Keep this medication in a secure, child-resistant container, completely out of reach of children and other pets. It is a strictly controlled substance.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- For chemical restraint for ventilatory support
- As a sedative
- As a sedative
- For status epilepticus
- For status epilepticus
- For anesthesia
- Euthanasia
- General
- As an anesthetic
- As an anesthetic
- As an anesthetic (Adult Sheep)
- As an anesthetic (Lambs)
- General anesthesia
- Light anesthesia
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Profound respiratory depression (apnea)
- Depression of myocardial metabolism
- Vasodilation and decreased venous return
- Hypotension and decreased cardiac perfusion
- Poikilothermia (hypothermia)
- Decreased urinary output
- Seizure-like movements or excitement during recovery from anesthesia
- Excitement and injury during induction/recovery in large animals (especially horses)
- Narcotic excitement (if not premedicated)
- Agonal gasping (reflexive, not a sign of pain)
- Muscle twitching
- Vocalization (rare, usually associated with excitement phase)
注意事項與禁忌
- Severe hepatic impairment
- Severe respiratory depression or airway obstruction
- Porphyria
- Hypovolemia or severe cardiovascular instability (relative contraindication)
- Intramuscular (IM) administration (painful and slow to act)
- Use of euthanasia-specific solutions for seizure control or anesthesia
- > **Cardiopulmonary Depression:** Pentobarbital causes dose-dependent respiratory and cardiovascular depression. Patients in a 'barbiturate coma' commonly require mechanical ventilation and intensive care support (e.g., saline infusion and dopamine to manage hypotension). > **Individual Variation:** There is tremendous individual variation in response when used at standard safe doses. Always titrate to effect. > **Laboratory Interference:** Barbiturates may cause increased retention of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) and give falsely elevated results. Do not administer within 24 hours before BSP retention tests. * **Equine Use:** Generally not considered an ideal agent for adult horses due to the possible development of excitement and injury when the animal is 'knocked down'. * **Tissue Irritation:** Highly alkaline (pH 9-10.5); perivascular injection can cause severe tissue necrosis.
藥物相互作用
- Oral Anticoagulants (Warfarin): Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration (due to hepatic enzyme induction)
- Beta-blockers: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Chloramphenicol: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Clonazepam: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Corticosteroids: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Cyclosporine: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Doxorubicin: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Doxycycline: Decreased effect (may persist for weeks after barbiturate is discontinued)
- Estrogens: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Griseofulvin: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
- Methadone: Decreased effect by lowering serum concentration
常見問題
Pentobarbital用於寵物有甚麼用途？
This medication is a powerful sedative and anesthetic. * **Hospital Use:** It is almost exclusively used in a veterinary hospital setting under close professional supervision, often in an intensive care unit. * **At-Home Use:** If oral dosage forms are dispensed for home use, **strict adherence to the veterinarian's dosing instructions is critical**. Overdoses can be fatal. * **Safety:** Keep this medication in a secure, child-resistant container, completely out of reach of children and other pets. It is a strictly controlled substance.
Pentobarbital對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。