Digestive and Liver Health in West Highland White Terriers

Quick answer

West Highland White Terriers are prone to specific liver conditions that can impact their overall digestive health. While these issues require professional diagnosis, owners can play a vital role by monitoring for subtle changes in behavior, appetite, and energy levels. Early detection through routine observation and veterinary checkups is the most effective way to manage these recognised breed tendencies.

Copper Storage Hepatopathy

Copper storage hepatopathy involves the accumulation of copper within the liver cells, which can eventually lead to inflammation or damage. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. In some cases, the condition is directly associated with copper levels, while in others, the underlying mechanism is different. Because the liver is responsible for processing nutrients and filtering toxins, any impairment can lead to a decline in your dog's general well-being.

At home, you might notice your dog becoming increasingly lethargic or showing a decreased interest in food. Some owners observe vomiting or a general lack of vitality that does not resolve with rest. A vet will typically perform blood chemistry panels to check liver enzyme levels and may recommend imaging or a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The urgency of this condition is determined by how quickly the liver function is declining, which your vet assesses through blood work.

Portosystemic Shunt

A portosystemic shunt, specifically the extrahepatic form, is a condition where blood bypasses the liver instead of flowing through it for detoxification. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. When the liver is bypassed, toxins that should have been filtered remain in the bloodstream, which can affect the brain and other organs.

Owners often notice that a dog with a shunt may seem smaller than expected or may have episodes of disorientation, pacing, or even seizures after eating. You might also notice your dog acting strangely or appearing to be in a daze. A vet will use blood tests to look for elevated bile acids and may use ultrasound or other imaging techniques to locate the shunt. This condition is considered urgent if your dog shows neurological symptoms, such as stumbling or seizures, as these indicate that toxins are affecting the nervous system.

Monitoring Your Dog at Home

To keep your West Highland White Terrier healthy, you should establish a routine for observing their physical state. A monthly exam, or a weekly one for seniors, is a great way to establish a baseline. Check their body condition score, the color of their gums, their mobility, their breathing at rest, the state of their skin and coat, and their general behavior. If you notice anything unusual, such as a change in how they move or breathe, take a short video clip to show your vet. This provides valuable information that can help your vet make a faster assessment.