How to Travel Internationally With a Pet: A Complete Guide

Quick answer

Planning to relocate overseas with your dog or cat? This comprehensive guide cov

Travelling internationally with a pet requires a meticulous, step-by-step timeline of vaccinations, microchipping, blood tests, and government-endorsed health certificates. Depending on your destination, this process can take anywhere from one to seven months to complete. Ensuring your pet travels in a properly sized, IATA-compliant crate and meets all country-specific import requirements is critical to avoid quarantine or entry denial.

:::key-facts

• Microchips must be ISO-compliant and implanted before the rabies vaccine is administered.
• Many rabies-free countries require a Rabies Blood Titer Test (FAVN) at least 3 to 6 months before travel.
• Airlines strictly enforce IATA Container Requirement 1 (CR1) crate dimensions; pets must be able to stand, turn around, and lie down naturally.
• Brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds face severe flight restrictions due to respiratory risks.
• Sedating pets for air travel is highly discouraged by veterinarians as it increases cardiovascular and respiratory risks at high altitudes.
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Why it matters

Relocating overseas is a massive undertaking, but for your dog or cat, it is a life-altering event. Unlike human travel, where a forgotten document might mean a delayed flight, a mistake in pet travel paperwork can have devastating consequences. If your pet arrives at a foreign border with incomplete or incorrect documentation, local authorities have the legal right to place your pet into mandatory quarantine at your expense, deport them to the country of origin, or, in extreme cases, euthanize them.

Beyond the legal and financial risks, the physical and emotional well-being of your pet is on the line. Air travel involves unfamiliar noises, pressure changes, and prolonged separation. Without proper preparation, crate acclimation, and health clearance, the journey can cause severe psychological trauma or physical harm. Understanding and complying with every rule is not just about bureaucracy; it is about protecting your best friend's life.

What good looks like

An IATA-compliant crate must be rigid, well-ventilated, and equipped with attached food and water bowls.

A successful international pet relocation is characterized by early preparation, seamless paperwork, and a calm, comfortable pet. When done correctly, your pet views their travel crate as a safe, secure den long before they ever set foot in an airport.

On travel day, all documents—including the international health certificate, vaccination records, and titer test results—are organized in a waterproof sleeve firmly attached to the crate, with duplicate digital copies saved on your phone. The crate itself is sturdy, perfectly sized, and outfitted with comfortable, absorbent bedding and secure water bowls. Your pet is hydrated, relaxed, and physically fit to fly, transitioning smoothly through customs and arriving at your new home ready to adapt to their new environment.

Step-by-step

Step 1: Research the Destination Country's Import Rules

Every country falls into one of three categories regarding rabies risk: rabies-free, rabies-controlled, or high-risk. This classification dictates the entry requirements. Visit the official agricultural or environmental ministry website of your destination country (such as USDA APHIS for the US, DEFRA for the UK, or the European Commission for the EU) to get the exact, up-to-date import protocol.

Step 2: Get an ISO-Compliant Microchip

Your pet must be microchipped with an ISO 11874/11875 compliant 15-digit microchip. If your pet has a 9-digit or 10-digit chip, you must either carry your own microchip scanner or have your vet implant a new, compliant chip.

:::pro-tip
Always ensure the microchip is implanted and scanned before your pet receives their rabies vaccine. If the vaccine is given before the chip is implanted, the destination country will view the vaccine as invalid, and you will have to restart the vaccination process.
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Step 3: Administer the Rabies Vaccine

Once the microchip is active, your pet must receive a rabies vaccination. Most countries require the vaccine to be active (administered at least 21 days before travel) and require a 1-year or 3-year vaccine. Ensure your vet records the microchip number on the vaccination certificate.

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Your vet must scan and verify your pet's microchip before administering any travel-related vaccinations.
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Step 4: Perform a Rabies Titer Test (If Required)

For rabies-free destinations (like Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore), your pet must undergo a Rabies Blood Titer Test (FAVN). This test measures the level of rabies antibodies in your pet's blood.

• Your vet will draw blood at least 30 days after the rabies vaccination.
• The sample is sent to an approved government laboratory.
• Once the passing result is received, a mandatory waiting period (often 180 days) begins before the pet can enter the destination country without quarantine.

:::ask-boo
How long does it take to get rabies titer test results back, and what happens if my dog fails?
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Step 5: Purchase and Acclimate Your Pet to an IATA-Compliant Crate

Your pet's crate is their home for the duration of the flight. Airlines strictly enforce the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Live Animals Regulations.

• Material: Rigid plastic, wood, or metal (no folding wire crates or soft-sided bags in the cargo hold).
• Ventilation: Openings on at least three sides for domestic flights, and four sides for international flights.
• Hardware: Metal bolts and nuts securing the top and bottom halves (not plastic clips).
• Sizing: Your pet must be able to stand fully erect without touching the roof (including ears), turn around easily, and lie down in a natural position.

Start crate training at least 3 to 4 months before your flight. Feed your pet inside the crate, place their favorite toys there, and gradually increase the time they spend inside with the door closed.

Step 6: Book Your Flight

Contact the airline's cargo or pet travel department directly. Do not book your own ticket until you have confirmed a pet reservation on the exact same flight. Opt for direct flights whenever possible to avoid layover complications, temperature extremes, and handling transitions.

Step 7: Obtain the International Health Certificate and Government Endorsement

Within a strict window before travel (usually 10 days), your pet must be examined by an accredited veterinarian who will issue an international health certificate. Once signed by your vet, this certificate must be sent to your country's official veterinary authority (such as the USDA in the United States or the CFIA in Canada) for official endorsement. This can be done electronically or via overnight mail.

Signs something's wrong

During the preparation phase and immediately after travel, keep a close eye on your pet's physical and psychological health. International travel is highly stressful, and pets can manifest this stress in several ways.

Recognizing early signs of travel stress, such as heavy panting and pinned-back ears, is crucial for your pet's safety.

Watch out for these signs of distress or health issues:

• Excessive Panting or Drooling: A primary sign of acute anxiety or heatstroke.
• Lethargy and Inappetence: Refusing food or water for more than 24 hours post-travel.
• Gastrointestinal Distress: Severe vomiting or watery, bloody diarrhea caused by stress or dietary changes.
• Obsessive Grooming or Self-Mutilation: Licking paws or tail raw due to confinement anxiety.
• Disorientation or Vestibular Issues: Staggering, head tilting, or inability to stand, which can indicate extreme exhaustion, dehydration, or adverse reactions to pressure changes.

:::warning
If your pet exhibits signs of heatstroke (heavy panting, bright red gums, vomiting, or collapse) or is unable to urinate for more than 24 hours after a long flight, this is a life-threatening emergency. Seek immediate veterinary care at your destination.
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When to call your vet

You should maintain close communication with your veterinarian throughout the relocation process. Schedule a consultation as soon as you know you are moving to establish a strict medical timeline.

Contact your vet immediately if:

• Your pet's rabies titer test results come back below the required threshold (0.5 IU/mL), meaning they will need a booster and a retest.
• Your pet has a history of severe anxiety, and you want to discuss safe, non-sedating pheromone therapies or supplements.
• You notice any signs of illness, such as coughing, sneezing, or skin infections, in the weeks leading up to travel, as these can disqualify your pet from receiving a clean bill of health on their international certificate.

:::ask-boo
Are there safe natural supplements or pheromones I can use to calm my cat during a long-haul flight?
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Common mistakes

Avoiding these frequent pitfalls will save you thousands of dollars and prevent your pet from being turned away at the border:

• Measuring Your Pet Incorrectly: Many owners buy a crate based on their pet's weight rather than their physical dimensions. If the airline agent determines your pet's ears or head touch the top of the crate when standing naturally, they will deny boarding.

Accurately measure your pet from nose to tail-base and floor to head-top to ensure the crate meets strict airline sizing regulations.

• The Microchip-Vaccine Sequence Error: Administering the rabies vaccine before the microchip is implanted is the most common paperwork error. The microchip must be read and recorded on the day of vaccination to prove the identity of the animal receiving the shot.
• Using Sedatives or Tranquilizers: Many owners think drugging their pet will make the flight easier. However, sedatives affect a pet's natural ability to balance, regulate body temperature, and breathe properly under atmospheric pressure changes, making them highly dangerous during flight.
• Ignoring Breed Restrictions: Many airlines have outright bans on brachycephalic breeds (such as Pugs, Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, and Persian cats) due to the high risk of respiratory collapse in cargo holds. Always check breed-specific policies before booking.

:::ask-boo
Which airlines currently allow flat-faced (brachycephalic) dogs to travel in the cabin or cargo?
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Quick FAQs

Can my pet fly in the cabin with me internationally?

It depends on the airline, the size of your pet, and the destination country. Many airlines allow small dogs and cats (usually under 8 kg including the carrier) in the cabin on international flights. However, certain countries (like the UK, Australia, and New Zealand) legally require all pets to enter via manifest cargo, meaning cabin travel is not permitted regardless of size.

What is a manifest cargo shipment vs. excess baggage?

Excess baggage means your pet travels on the same flight as you, checked in at the passenger terminal, and rides in the climate-controlled cargo hold. Manifest cargo means your pet travels as an independent shipment with an airway bill, often booked through a professional pet shipper. Some countries and airlines strictly require manifest cargo for all incoming pets.

How far in advance should I start this process?

For rabies-controlled countries (like the EU), start at least 2 to 3 months in advance. For rabies-free countries (like Japan or Australia), you must start at least 7 to 9 months in advance due to the mandatory 180-day waiting period following a successful rabies titer test.