Caring for your St. Bernard

Quick answer

St. Bernards are large, powerful dogs that require carefully structured exercise to protect their joints and overall health. Because they are prone to specific physical conditions, owners should focus on consistent, low-impact activity, regular weight monitoring, and careful observation of their skin and eyes. By maintaining a steady routine and avoiding overexertion, especially in warm weather, you can help your dog lead a comfortable and active life.

Managing physical activity

St. Bernards thrive on consistent, low-impact exercise. Because of their size, their joints are under constant pressure. Structured walks are preferable to high-intensity play or jumping. Engaging in scent work or basic obedience training provides necessary mental stimulation without the physical toll of repetitive impact. Always monitor your dog during activity, particularly in warm weather, as they are sensitive to overheating. Keep an exercise log to ensure their activity level remains steady, and adjust your plans based on the temperature outside.

Monitoring weight and body condition

Maintaining an ideal body weight is the most effective way to protect your St. Bernard from unnecessary strain. Excess weight exacerbates joint issues and puts pressure on the heart. Perform a weekly body condition check by feeling for the ribs and checking for a waistline. If you cannot feel the ribs under a light layer of fat, speak with your vet about adjusting their caloric intake.

Skin and coat maintenance

St. Bernards have thick coats and skin folds that require regular attention. Moisture trapped in these folds can lead to irritation or infection. During your daily grooming session, check the skin between folds and ensure the area is clean and dry. If you notice redness, an unpleasant odor, or discharge, this indicates that the skin barrier has been compromised and requires a clinical examination.

Ear and dental health

Regular checks of the ears and teeth are vital. St. Bernards can develop debris buildup in the ears, which may lead to discomfort if left unaddressed. During your weekly grooming, look inside the ear for redness or discharge. Similarly, check the gums and teeth for signs of tartar buildup or inflamed tissue. The vet will use an otoscope to look deep into the ear canal or dental probes to assess the health of the gum line.

Managing resource stress

In multi-pet households, resource guarding can become a significant issue if not managed correctly. St. Bernards may become protective of their food or toys. To prevent this, always feed your pets in separate areas where they cannot see or hear each other. This reduces the pressure to eat quickly and prevents conflict. Consistency among all caregivers is essential, as mixed signals regarding rules can increase your dog's anxiety and lead to guarding behaviors.

Understanding breed tendencies

While we have covered the practical aspects of care, it is important to acknowledge that certain conditions are well recognised in the breed. These include various orthopedic concerns and eye conditions. While some of these are well established, others have a recognised tendency, and in some cases, how this passes down is not settled. Your vet will monitor for these during routine wellness exams. The key is to notice any change in gait, eye clarity, or energy levels as soon as it happens. Early detection is always the best way to manage these conditions effectively.