Understanding Health Risks in the Rat Terrier

Quick answer

Rat Terriers are generally sturdy, active dogs, but they do have a few specific health concerns that owners should monitor. The most common issues involve skin health and a tendency to ingest objects they should not. By performing regular home health checks and keeping a close eye on your dog's behavior and environment, you can catch these problems early when they are easiest to manage.

Demodicosis

Demodicosis is a skin condition caused by microscopic mites that reside in the hair follicles. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. While many dogs carry these mites without issue, some individuals may experience an overgrowth that leads to visible skin changes.

At home, you will likely first notice patchy hair loss, which often begins around the eyes, muzzle, or feet. The skin may appear reddened, scaly, or crusty. In some cases, you might notice your dog scratching more than usual, though this is not always the primary sign.

When you take your dog to the clinic, the veterinarian will perform a skin scraping. This involves gently scraping the surface of the affected skin to collect samples, which are then examined under a microscope to identify the presence of the mites. This test is the standard way to confirm the diagnosis.

Foreign Body Ingestion

Rat Terriers are curious and active, and foreign body ingestion is a recognised tendency in the breed. This occurs when a dog swallows an object that cannot pass through the digestive tract, leading to a blockage. Because of their size and terrier nature, they are more prone to this than some other breeds.

What you notice at home will depend on where the object is stuck. Common signs include sudden vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, and abdominal pain. You might notice your dog pacing, trying to vomit without success, or appearing uncomfortable when you touch their belly.

This is a situation where urgency is key. If you suspect your dog has swallowed a toy, a piece of fabric, or any other non-food item, do not wait for the symptoms to become severe. Your veterinarian will likely use imaging, such as X-rays or ultrasound, to locate the object. These tests allow the vet to see if the object is causing a complete or partial obstruction.

Establishing a Home Exam Routine

To stay ahead of these issues, you should perform a simple home check on a regular basis. For senior dogs, a weekly check is ideal, while monthly is sufficient for younger, healthy adults.

During this check, evaluate your dog's body condition score, ensuring they are at a healthy weight. Check their gum color, which should be a healthy pink, and observe their breathing at rest to ensure it is quiet and steady. Inspect their skin and coat for any new lumps, bumps, or areas of hair loss, and take a moment to assess their mobility and overall behavior.