Understanding Pomeranian Health and Care

Quick answer

Pomeranians are lively and intelligent companions, but they are prone to specific health challenges involving their joints, heart, respiratory system, and metabolic health. By maintaining a lean body condition, providing consistent training, and monitoring for subtle changes in behavior or breathing, you can help your pet lead a comfortable life. Early detection is key, so familiarise yourself with the signs of common breed-related conditions.

Luxating Patella

This is a well recognised condition in the breed. A luxating patella occurs when the kneecap slips out of its normal groove. You might notice your dog skipping or hopping on one hind leg during a walk, only to return to a normal gait shortly after. The vet will perform a physical examination to check the stability of the kneecap. If your dog is frequently holding a leg up or showing signs of discomfort, it is time to have them assessed. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is vital to reduce unnecessary stress on the joints.

Tracheal Collapse

This is a well recognised tendency in the breed. Tracheal collapse involves the weakening of the rings that support the windpipe, which can cause the airway to narrow. The most common sign is a dry, harsh cough that sounds similar to a goose honk. This often worsens with excitement or pulling on a leash. Your vet will likely use imaging to view the structure of the trachea. If you notice your dog struggling to catch their breath, this is an urgent situation that requires immediate attention.

Heart Problems and Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Heart health is a significant concern for Pomeranians. Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease is a recognised tendency in the breed. This condition involves the degradation of the heart valves, which can eventually lead to heart failure. You may notice your dog tiring easily, coughing, or showing a reduced appetite. Your vet will listen for a heart murmur during routine check-ups. Because heart issues often progress silently, regular monitoring is essential. If your dog seems lethargic or has trouble breathing, seek care promptly.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

This is a recognised tendency in the breed, particularly in females. Patent Ductus Arteriosus is a congenital heart defect where a vessel that should close after birth remains open, causing abnormal blood flow. Signs can be subtle, but may include exercise intolerance or a persistent cough. Your vet will look for specific heart sounds during a physical exam. If identified, this condition often requires intervention to prevent long-term heart damage.

Dental Issues

Dental health is a frequent concern for small breeds like the Pomeranian. Because their mouths are compact, teeth can become crowded, leading to plaque buildup and gum disease. You might notice bad breath, difficulty eating, or pawing at the mouth. Regular professional cleanings are necessary to prevent tooth loss and systemic infection. Do not wait for visible decay before addressing oral hygiene.

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition involving the buildup of fluid within the brain. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. Signs can include changes in behavior, balance issues, or an abnormal head shape. If you notice your dog acting disoriented or having difficulty with coordination, this requires urgent veterinary evaluation. The vet will perform a neurological exam to determine the cause of these symptoms.

Urolithiasis and Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the urinary tract. Calcium Oxalate stones are a recognised tendency in the breed, with males being at higher risk. You might notice your dog straining to urinate, frequent attempts to urinate, or blood in the urine. If your dog is unable to pass urine, this is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. Your vet will use imaging to identify the presence and location of stones.

Hyperadrenocorticism and Dermatologic Signs

Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing's disease, occurs when the body produces an excess of cortisol. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. You may notice increased thirst, increased urination, a pot-bellied appearance, or changes to the skin and coat, such as thinning hair. Your vet will run blood panels and other tests to confirm the hormone imbalance. If you notice your dog's skin becoming thin or their hair failing to regrow, discuss these changes with your vet.

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a hormonal condition resulting from an excess of growth hormone. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. Signs can include changes in facial features, enlarged paws, or increased skin folds. Because this condition can affect various organs, it is important to monitor your dog for any unexplained physical changes or lethargy. Your vet will manage this through diagnostic testing and monitoring of hormone levels.