Eye health in the Newfoundland

Quick answer

Newfoundlands are prone to specific eyelid conditions that can cause discomfort and long-term damage to the surface of the eye. Because these issues often involve the shape and tension of the eyelids, they are usually visible to the owner as redness, discharge, or squinting. Early detection is vital to prevent secondary infections or corneal ulcers, which can threaten your dog's sight.

Ectropion

Ectropion is a condition where the lower eyelid rolls outward, away from the surface of the eye. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. When the eyelid hangs away from the eyeball, it exposes the delicate lining of the eye to the environment, leading to chronic irritation and dryness.

What you will notice at home

You may see that the lower lid looks droopy or saggy. The eye may appear red, and you might notice an accumulation of mucus or tears running down the face, as the eyelid is no longer able to properly direct tears into the drainage system. Your dog may seem to have a perpetually tired or sad expression.

What the vet does

Your vet will perform a physical examination of the eye to assess the degree of lid laxity. They will check for signs of inflammation on the surface of the eye, known as conjunctivitis, which often occurs because the eye is exposed. A fluorescein stain test is often used to ensure there are no scratches or ulcers on the cornea caused by the lack of protection.

Urgency and management

If you notice significant discharge, redness, or if your dog is pawing at their eye, this requires a prompt visit to the clinic. The most common mistake owners make is assuming the redness is just an allergy and waiting for it to clear up on its own. If left untreated, the constant exposure can lead to severe corneal damage. Treatment may involve lubricating drops or, in more severe cases, a surgical procedure to tighten the eyelid.

Entropion

Entropion occurs when the eyelid rolls inward toward the eyeball. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. In Newfoundlands, this often presents as lateral canthal entropion, where the outer corner of the eye rolls inward, frequently occurring in combination with lower lid ectropion. When the lid rolls inward, the eyelashes or the hair on the skin of the eyelid rub directly against the clear surface of the eye.

What you will notice at home

The most obvious sign is squinting or holding the eye shut. You may notice your dog is sensitive to bright light or seems to be in pain. Because the eyelashes are constantly scratching the surface of the eye, there is often excessive tearing, and the eye may appear cloudy or red. You might see your dog rubbing their face against furniture or using their paws to try to relieve the irritation.

What the vet does

Your vet will examine the eyelid position to confirm the inward rolling. They will use a specialized light to look for corneal ulcers, which are small scratches or sores on the surface of the eye caused by the rubbing hairs. This is the test that settles the diagnosis and determines the severity of the condition.

Urgency and management

This condition is painful and carries a high risk of permanent damage to the cornea. If your dog is squinting or showing signs of eye pain, you should seek veterinary attention immediately. The mistake of waiting to see if the irritation resolves is dangerous, as a corneal ulcer can deepen rapidly. Surgical correction is often necessary to reposition the eyelid so that it no longer contacts the eye.