Kidney and Urinary Health in the Maltese

Quick answer

Maltese dogs are known to be at a recognised tendency for developing urinary stones, specifically calcium oxalate urolithiasis. This is a recognised tendency in the breed, particularly in males. Because these stones can cause significant discomfort and obstruction, owners should watch for changes in urination habits and prioritize consistent monitoring of their dog's health at home.

Understanding Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is a condition where mineral deposits, known as stones or uroliths, form within the urinary tract. This is a recognised tendency in the breed, and it is a recognised tendency that male Maltese are at a higher risk for this specific type of stone formation compared to other dogs. Small-breed dogs, including the Maltese, are frequently affected by these hard deposits.

When these stones form, they can irritate the lining of the bladder or urethra, leading to inflammation and pain. In some cases, they may move and cause a physical blockage, preventing your dog from passing urine. Because the exact mechanism of how this passes down is not settled, owners should focus on early identification of symptoms rather than assuming their dog is immune.

What you might notice at home

Owners often first notice changes in their dog's bathroom habits. Your dog might start straining to urinate, producing only a few drops at a time, or you may notice blood in the urine. Some dogs will lick their genital area excessively due to pain or irritation. You might also observe your dog having accidents in the house, even if they were previously well-trained, because the discomfort makes it difficult for them to hold their urine.

How your vet investigates

When you bring your dog to the clinic, the vet will likely perform a physical examination to check for a painful or enlarged bladder. A urinalysis is typically the first step to look for crystals, blood, or signs of infection. Imaging, such as an X-ray or an ultrasound, is usually required to confirm the presence and location of the stones. These tests are essential because they allow the vet to see the size and number of the stones, which helps determine the best course of action.

General Urinary Health Monitoring

Because of the recognised tendency for urolithiasis, it is helpful to keep a close eye on your dog's daily routines. Tracking changes over time is the most effective way to catch a problem before it becomes a crisis. Keep a log of your dog's energy levels, thirst, and urination frequency. If you notice your dog drinking more water than usual or needing to go outside more often, make a note of it.

Avoiding Common Mistakes

One of the most common mistakes owners make when dealing with potential health issues is attempting to treat the problem with random over-the-counter experiments. It is tempting to try different diets, herbal supplements, or water additives that claim to support urinary health, but these can often mask symptoms or interfere with the diagnostic process.

Before making any changes to your dog's diet or adding supplements, always discuss these with your vet. Many urinary conditions require specific, prescription-grade management that cannot be replicated with store-bought products. Relying on your vet to provide a diagnosis before starting any treatment ensures that you are addressing the actual cause of the discomfort rather than guessing.

By staying observant and maintaining a clear record of your dog's health, you can manage the risks associated with this breed's tendency toward urolithiasis effectively.