Dog Vaccine Schedule: What Shots and When, Puppy to Adult
A plain-language guide to your dog's vaccines from the first puppy shot to lifelong boosters. Learn which core vaccines protect against deadly disease, when each dose is due, which optional shots depend on lifestyle, and how to handle normal reactions after a visit.
Quick answer
Puppies need a series of core vaccines, usually starting around 6-8 weeks and repeated every 3-4 weeks until at least 16 weeks of age, because a mother's antibodies can block earlier doses. After that, dogs get a booster at around one year, then core boosters every 1-3 years for life. Your vet tailors the exact plan to your dog and local disease risk.
A plain-language guide to your dog's vaccines from the first puppy shot to lifelong boosters.
Core vs non-core vaccines
Core vaccines protect against diseases that are widespread, severe, or dangerous to people, and every dog should have them. These cover distemper, adenovirus (hepatitis), parvovirus, and rabies. Non-core (lifestyle) vaccines are recommended based on where you live and what your dog does, such as leptospirosis, kennel cough (Bordetella and parainfluenza), and canine influenza.
The typical puppy timeline
Most puppies follow a pattern like this: a first combined core dose at 6-8 weeks, a second at 10-12 weeks, and a third at 14-16 weeks. Some puppies get a fourth dose around 18-20 weeks if risk is high. Rabies is usually given once at 12-16 weeks, depending on local law. Keep your puppy away from unvaccinated dogs and high-traffic public ground until about a week after the final core dose.
Keep every date in one place so you never miss a booster window.
Adult and senior boosters
At roughly one year old, your dog gets a booster that locks in long-term immunity. After that, core boosters are commonly given every three years, while some lifestyle vaccines like leptospirosis and kennel cough are yearly because immunity is shorter. Senior dogs still need protection; age alone is not a reason to stop, though your vet may adjust the plan for chronic illness.
What to expect after a shot
Mild tiredness, a slightly reduced appetite, or a small firm lump at the injection site are common and settle within a day or two. Let your dog rest and offer water. Serious reactions are rare but need fast action.
A small, firm lump at the injection site is common and usually fades within weeks.
Keeping records straight
Ask for a written or app-based record after every visit, noting the vaccine names, dates, and next-due dates. Boarding kennels, groomers, daycares, and travel often require proof. If you move or change vets, this record prevents unnecessary repeat vaccines.
Quick FAQs
Can I skip vaccines if my dog stays indoors? Core vaccines are still advised, as parvovirus and distemper travel on shoes, clothing, and shared surfaces. Discuss lifestyle vaccines with your vet.
Is it safe to vaccinate a sick dog? Vets usually delay routine vaccines until your dog is well, since illness can blunt the immune response. Always mention current symptoms.
Do older dogs really need boosters? Yes. Immunity fades over time, and many senior dogs still face exposure. Your vet may space some boosters further apart.
Are three-year boosters as good as yearly ones? For core vaccines, evidence supports multi-year intervals. Some lifestyle vaccines genuinely need yearly repeats to stay effective.