Understanding Cancer Risks in Your Boston Terrier

Quick answer

Boston Terriers are known to have a recognised tendency toward certain types of cancer, specifically mast cell tumors and glial brain tumors. While these conditions are serious, early detection through consistent home monitoring and prompt veterinary assessment can significantly improve the management of your dog's health. By tracking your pet's baseline behavior and physical condition, you become the most effective partner in their long-term care.

Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumors are a recognised tendency in the Boston Terrier. These growths originate from mast cells, which are a normal part of the immune system. In this breed, there is a noted predisposition to multifocal mast cell disease, meaning multiple tumors may appear at different sites on the body.

At home, you may first notice a small lump or bump on or under the skin. These lumps can be deceptive because they may change in size, appearing to swell or shrink over time. Some may look like a simple skin irritation, a red patch, or a small sore that does not heal.

When you visit the vet, they will perform a physical exam and likely suggest a fine needle aspirate. This involves collecting cells from the lump with a thin needle to examine them under a microscope. This test is often the first step in determining if the mass is a mast cell tumor. If the diagnosis is confirmed, your vet will discuss options for removal or further treatment based on the location and behavior of the mass.

Glial Brain Tumors

Boston Terriers have a recognised tendency toward developing brain tumors, with a specific predisposition to glial tumors. Because the brain controls all bodily functions, the signs of a tumor can be varied and may seem unrelated to one another at first.

As an owner, you might notice subtle changes in your dog's personality, a sudden onset of seizures, or a loss of coordination. You may see your dog circling, pressing their head against walls, or appearing confused in familiar environments. Changes in vision or sudden shifts in temperament can also be indicators that something is affecting the brain.

When you bring these concerns to your vet, they will perform a neurological exam to test your dog's reflexes, balance, and sensory responses. If a brain tumor is suspected, the definitive way to confirm the diagnosis is through advanced imaging, such as an MRI or CT scan. These tests allow the vet to see the size and location of the mass.

Establishing a Home Monitoring Routine

Because early detection is vital, you should perform a simple physical exam on your dog once a month, or weekly if your dog is a senior. This routine helps you learn what is normal for your specific pet so that you can spot deviations quickly.

Start by checking their body condition score, which involves feeling for their ribs and observing their waistline. Check their gum color, which should be a healthy pink, and observe their breathing while they are resting. Run your hands over their entire body to feel for any new lumps or bumps under the skin. Finally, observe their mobility and behavior to ensure they are moving comfortably and acting like themselves.

When to Seek Urgent Care

Urgency is dictated by the severity and suddenness of the symptoms. If your dog experiences a seizure, sudden blindness, or a rapid change in their ability to walk, this is an emergency. Similarly, if a skin mass begins to bleed, ulcerate, or grow rapidly, you should seek veterinary care without delay. Your vet will use your observations and the history you have kept to determine the next steps, which may include diagnostic imaging or biopsy to reach a clear diagnosis.