Understanding Eye Health in Bernese Mountain Dogs

Quick answer

Bernese Mountain Dogs are known to be predisposed to specific eyelid abnormalities that can affect their comfort and vision. Most owners will notice signs such as excessive tearing, redness, or visible irritation around the eye. While these conditions are manageable, they require professional assessment to ensure your dog remains pain-free and that their ocular surface is protected from long-term damage.

Entropion

Entropion is a condition where the eyelid rolls inward toward the surface of the eye. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. When the lid turns inward, the eyelashes or the hair on the outer skin rub against the delicate surface of the eyeball, which is highly irritating and painful for the dog.

At home, you might first notice your dog squinting, pawing at their face, or experiencing significant tearing. The eye may appear red or cloudy. When you examine your dog, look closely at the outer corner of the eyelids to see if they appear to be tucked inward rather than resting flat against the eye.

Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination of the eyelid structure. They may use a specialized dye called fluorescein to check if the rubbing has caused any scratches or ulcers on the surface of the eye. If your dog is in visible pain or if there is discharge, this is a sign that you should seek veterinary attention promptly. The common mistake owners make is assuming the irritation is just an allergy or a minor scratch, which can lead to delayed treatment and potential damage to the cornea.

Ectropion

Ectropion occurs when the lower eyelid droops or rolls outward, away from the surface of the eye. This is a recognised tendency in the breed. When the lid hangs away from the eye, it exposes the sensitive inner lining of the lid, known as the conjunctiva, to the environment.

Owners often notice this condition because the eye appears droopy or because there is a persistent collection of tears or mucus in the corner of the eye. Because the lid does not close properly, the eye can become dry, inflamed, and prone to chronic irritation. You may notice your dog has a perpetually tired or sad expression with visible redness along the lower lid margin.

During a consultation, your veterinarian will assess the laxity of the eyelid and check for signs of secondary infection or inflammation caused by the exposure. They will determine if the condition is causing discomfort or if it is primarily a cosmetic concern. It is important to monitor the eye for any sudden increase in discharge or cloudiness, as these can indicate that the exposed eye has developed an infection or a corneal ulcer. Do not attempt to use over-the-counter eye drops without professional guidance, as some products can worsen the irritation if the underlying anatomy is not addressed correctly.

Monitoring Your Dog's Health

Beyond specific eye concerns, it is beneficial to establish a routine health check for your Bernese Mountain Dog. Create a simple monthly exam, or a weekly one for senior dogs, to monitor their overall well-being. This should include checking their body condition score, observing gum color, assessing their mobility, and listening to their breathing at rest. Keeping a baseline for their behavior and skin condition will help you spot subtle changes before they become major health issues. Always keep a written list of any preventives, diet changes, or new supplements you introduce, as this information is invaluable to your veterinary team during routine visits.