托芬那酸

用途

• Acute pain
• Pain/inflammation
• Inflammation, pain, and fever
• Inflammation, pain, and fever
• Metritis-mastitis-agalactia (MMA)
• Pneumonia
• Mastitis
• Acute pain
• Chronic pain
• Pain/inflammation
• Inflammation, pain, and fever
• Inflammation, pain, and chronic locomotor disease

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Gastrointestinal ulceration (at high doses)
• Platelet dysfunction/prolonged bleeding time
• Potential nephrotoxicity (especially in dehydrated patients)
• Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
• Gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding
• Renal toxicity (especially during hypotension)
• Potential precipitation of cardiac failure (rare/unknown risk in animals)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to tolfenamic acid or other fenamates (e.g., meclofenamic acid)
• Active gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration
• Pre-surgical administration (due to anti-thromboxane/platelet effects)
• Dehydrated, hypovolemic, or hypotensive patients
• Patients with gastrointestinal disease
• Patients with blood clotting problems
• Pregnant animals
• Animals under 6 weeks of age
• Intramuscular (IM) administration in cats
• Use with extreme caution in patients with **decreased renal or hepatic function**. Ensure patients are well-hydrated to mitigate nephrotoxic risks. Like other NSAIDs, tolfenamic acid should be used with caution during pregnancy. Do not use pre-surgically due to its effects on platelet function.

藥物相互作用

• Aspirin: May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (e.g., ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea).
• Corticosteroids: Concomitant therapy may increase the occurrence of gastric ulceration; avoid concurrent use.
• Digoxin: NSAIDs may increase serum levels of digoxin.
• Fluconazole: May increase plasma levels of NSAIDs; potentially affects tolfenamic acid levels in dogs.
• Furosemide: NSAIDs may reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of furosemide.
• Methotrexate: Serious toxicity has occurred with concomitant NSAID use; use together with extreme caution.
• Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B): May enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity.
• Other NSAIDs: May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (e.g., ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea).
• Warfarin: Tolfenamic acid is 98-99% protein-bound; may displace highly protein-bound drugs like warfarin, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor closely.
• Glucocorticoids: Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Do not administer concurrently or within 24 hours.

常見問題