利福平

用途

• Susceptible infections (e.g., mycobacteriosis, Rhodococcus equi, chlamydiosis, bartonellosis)
• Treatment of Rhodococcus equi (C. equi) infections in foals
• Treatment of Rhodococcus equi (C. equi) infections in foals
• Treatment of proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in foals
• Treatment of mycobacteriosis
• Combination therapy of atypical Mycobacteria infections; treatment of resistant Staph endocarditis
• Alternate treatment for scarred pyogranulomatous pyoderma
• Actinomycosis
• Susceptible infections (e.g., mycobacteriosis, resistant staphylococcal pyoderma, ehrlichiosis)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Red-orange discoloration of bodily fluids (urine, tears, sweat, saliva)
• Gastrointestinal distress (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Elevated liver enzymes and potential hepatotoxicity
• Rashes and erythema (noted in cats and humans)
• In horses (especially with macrolides): mild diarrhea to severe enterocolitis, hyperthermia, and acute respiratory distress
• Intravenous use in horses (rare): CNS depression, sweating, hemolysis, anorexia
• Elevated serum hepatic enzymes
• Clinical hepatitis
• Orange-red discoloration of urine, saliva, tears, and feces
• Gastrointestinal upset (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to rifampin or other rifamycins
• Use with extreme caution in patients with preexisting hepatic dysfunction
• Pregnancy (teratogenic at high doses)
• Pre-existing liver disease or hepatic dysfunction
• Use with caution in patients with preexisting hepatic dysfunction; dosage reduction may be necessary. **Never use as a monotherapy** due to the rapid development of bacterial resistance. Rifampin is a potent inducer of hepatic microsomal enzymes, which can significantly alter the metabolism of concurrently administered drugs. It is excreted in maternal milk; use with caution in nursing veterinary patients. May cause false-positive BSP (bromosulfophthalein) test results and interfere with microbiologic assays of serum folate and vitamin B12.

藥物相互作用

• Fluoroquinolones: In vitro antagonism has been reported; concurrent use should be avoided.
• Barbiturates: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by rifampin.
• Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam): Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Chloramphenicol: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Corticosteroids: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Dapsone: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Ketoconazole: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Propranolol: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Quinidine: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Warfarin: Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Theophylline: Increased rate of metabolism of theophylline due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Itraconazole: Increased rate of metabolism of itraconazole due to hepatic enzyme induction, leading to subtherapeutic antifungal levels.

常見問題