乙胺嘧啶
別名: Daraprim, Malocide, Pirimecidan
> **重要提示：** 此藥物用於治療嚴重的寄生蟲感染，需要仔細監測。 - **嚴格按照指示給藥：** 通常與其他抗生素（如磺胺類藥物）一起給予，以達到最大療效。請勿漏服。 - **注意副作用：** 如果您的寵物變得嗜睡、食慾不振、嘔吐，或出現異常出血或瘀傷的跡象（如牙齦蒼白或皮膚紅斑），請立即聯繫您的獸醫。 - **貓咪給藥挑戰：** 市售錠劑為 25 毫克，這使得貓咪的準確劑量非常困難。此外，錠劑對貓來說味道很差。您的獸醫可能會建議使用特製的懸浮液或膠囊，以確保劑量準確且易於餵食。 - **懷孕警告：** 如果您懷孕了，請勿接觸此藥物；除非獸醫明確指示，否則請勿用於懷孕的寵物。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Toxoplasmosis
- Toxoplasmosis (enteroepithelial cycle)
- Toxoplasmosis (extraintestinal cycle)
- Protozoal myocarditis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
- Coccidian organisms in raptors (Toxoplasmosis, Atoxoplasmosis, Sarcocystis)
- Toxoplasmosis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Neospora
- Hepatazoon canis
- Hepatazoon americanum
- Hepatazoon americanum
- Neosporosis
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Small animals: Anorexia, malaise, vomiting, depression
- Small animals: Bone marrow depression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
- Cats: Highly susceptible to adverse reactions (noted 4-6 days after starting combination therapy)
- Horses: Leukopenias, thrombocytopenia, and anemias
- Bone marrow suppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Depression
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine
- Preexisting hematologic disorders (use with extreme caution)
- Pregnancy (potentially teratogenic, weigh risks vs. benefits)
- Pregnancy (teratogenic)
- Pre-existing bone marrow suppression
- Hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine
- **Hematologic Toxicity:** Hematologic effects can develop rapidly. Frequent monitoring is recommended, particularly if therapy persists longer than 2 weeks. Oral administration of folinic acid, folic acid, or Brewer's yeast has been suggested to alleviate adverse effects. **Feline Sensitivity:** Some clinicians recommend avoiding its use in cats entirely because of its adverse effect profile. **Pregnancy:** Pyrimethamine is teratogenic in rats and fetal abnormalities have been seen in foals. FDA Category C. Weigh risks against benefits. Excreted in maternal milk; consider using milk replacer.
藥物相互作用
- p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA): Reportedly antagonistic towards the activity of pyrimethamine; clinical significance is unclear.
- Sulfonamides: Synergistic with pyrimethamine in activity against toxoplasmosis and malaria.
- Trimethoprim: Use with pyrimethamine/sulfa is not recommended in humans as adverse effects may be additive, however, this combination has been used clinically in horses.
- Phenobarbital: May increase folate deficiency
- Phenytoin: May increase folate deficiency
常見問題
乙胺嘧啶用於寵物有什麼用途？
> **重要提示：** 此藥物用於治療嚴重的寄生蟲感染，需要仔細監測。 - **嚴格按照指示給藥：** 通常與其他抗生素（如磺胺類藥物）一起給予，以達到最大療效。請勿漏服。 - **注意副作用：** 如果您的寵物變得嗜睡、食慾不振、嘔吐，或出現異常出血或瘀傷的跡象（如牙齦蒼白或皮膚紅斑），請立即聯繫您的獸醫。 - **貓咪給藥挑戰：** 市售錠劑為 25 毫克，這使得貓咪的準確劑量非常困難。此外，錠劑對貓來說味道很差。您的獸醫可能會建議使用特製的懸浮液或膠囊，以確保劑量準確且易於餵食。 - **懷孕警告：** 如果您懷孕了，請勿接觸此藥物；除非獸醫明確指示，否則請勿用於懷孕的寵物。
乙胺嘧啶對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。