Pyrimethamine
別名: Daraprim, Malocide, Pirimecidan
> **Important:** This medication is used to treat serious parasitic infections and requires careful monitoring. - **Give exactly as directed:** It is often given with other antibiotics (like sulfa drugs) for maximum effect. Do not skip doses. - **Watch for side effects:** Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet becomes lethargic, stops eating, vomits, or shows signs of unusual bleeding or bruising (such as pale gums or red spots on the skin). - **Dosing challenges in cats:** The commercial tablets are 25 mg, which makes accurate dosing for cats very difficult. The tablets also taste bad to cats. Your veterinarian will likely recommend a specially compounded liquid or capsule to ensure accurate and easier dosing. - **Pregnancy warning:** Do not handle this medication if you are pregnant, and do not use it in pregnant pets unless explicitly directed by your veterinarian.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Toxoplasmosis
- Toxoplasmosis (enteroepithelial cycle)
- Toxoplasmosis (extraintestinal cycle)
- Protozoal myocarditis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
- Coccidian organisms in raptors (Toxoplasmosis, Atoxoplasmosis, Sarcocystis)
- Toxoplasmosis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Neospora
- Hepatazoon canis
- Hepatazoon americanum
- Hepatazoon americanum
- Neosporosis
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Small animals: Anorexia, malaise, vomiting, depression
- Small animals: Bone marrow depression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
- Cats: Highly susceptible to adverse reactions (noted 4-6 days after starting combination therapy)
- Horses: Leukopenias, thrombocytopenia, and anemias
- Bone marrow suppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Depression
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine
- Preexisting hematologic disorders (use with extreme caution)
- Pregnancy (potentially teratogenic, weigh risks vs. benefits)
- Pregnancy (teratogenic)
- Pre-existing bone marrow suppression
- Hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine
- **Hematologic Toxicity:** Hematologic effects can develop rapidly. Frequent monitoring is recommended, particularly if therapy persists longer than 2 weeks. Oral administration of folinic acid, folic acid, or Brewer's yeast has been suggested to alleviate adverse effects. **Feline Sensitivity:** Some clinicians recommend avoiding its use in cats entirely because of its adverse effect profile. **Pregnancy:** Pyrimethamine is teratogenic in rats and fetal abnormalities have been seen in foals. FDA Category C. Weigh risks against benefits. Excreted in maternal milk; consider using milk replacer.
藥物相互作用
- p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA): Reportedly antagonistic towards the activity of pyrimethamine; clinical significance is unclear.
- Sulfonamides: Synergistic with pyrimethamine in activity against toxoplasmosis and malaria.
- Trimethoprim: Use with pyrimethamine/sulfa is not recommended in humans as adverse effects may be additive, however, this combination has been used clinically in horses.
- Phenobarbital: May increase folate deficiency
- Phenytoin: May increase folate deficiency
常見問題
Pyrimethamine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
> **Important:** This medication is used to treat serious parasitic infections and requires careful monitoring. - **Give exactly as directed:** It is often given with other antibiotics (like sulfa drugs) for maximum effect. Do not skip doses. - **Watch for side effects:** Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet becomes lethargic, stops eating, vomits, or shows signs of unusual bleeding or bruising (such as pale gums or red spots on the skin). - **Dosing challenges in cats:** The commercial tablets are 25 mg, which makes accurate dosing for cats very difficult. The tablets also taste bad to cats. Your veterinarian will likely recommend a specially compounded liquid or capsule to ensure accurate and easier dosing. - **Pregnancy warning:** Do not handle this medication if you are pregnant, and do not use it in pregnant pets unless explicitly directed by your veterinarian.
Pyrimethamine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。