普萘洛爾

用途

• Susceptible cardiac arrhythmias
• Susceptible cardiac arrhythmias
• Susceptible cardiac arrhythmias
• Adjunctive therapy in heart failure
• Adjunctive therapy of hypertension
• Adjunctive therapy in feline hyperthyroidism
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• V-Tach
• V-Tach
• V-Tach
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Susceptible cardiac arrhythmias

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Bradycardia
• Lethargy and depression
• Impaired AV conduction
• Congestive heart failure (CHF) or worsening of heart failure
• Hypotension
• Syncope
• Diarrhea
• Hypoglycemia
• Bronchoconstriction
• AV block
• Myocardial depression
• Heart failure
• Hypoglycaemia
• Bronchospasm
• Diarrhoea

注意事項與禁忌

• Overt heart failure
• Hypersensitivity to beta-blockers
• Greater than 1st degree heart block
• Sinus bradycardia
• Congestive heart failure (unless secondary to a tachyarrhythmia responsive to beta-blockers)
• Bronchospastic lung disease (e.g., feline asthma)
• Bradyarrhythmias
• Acute or decompensated congestive heart failure
• Concurrent administration with alpha-adrenergic agonists (e.g., adrenaline)
• **Use with Caution:** * Patients with significant renal or hepatic insufficiency. * Patients with sinus node dysfunction. * Labile diabetic patients (can cause or mask clinical signs of hypoglycemia). * Digitalized or digitalis-intoxicated patients (severe bradycardia may result). * May mask clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis. * **Withdrawal:** If discontinuing the drug after chronic use, gradual withdrawal is recommended to prevent exacerbation of clinical signs.

藥物相互作用

• Antacids: May reduce oral propranolol absorption; separate doses by at least one hour
• Anesthetics, General: Additive myocardial depression may occur
• Anticholinergics: May negate cardiac effects of beta-blockers
• Calcium Channel Blockers: Concurrent use should be done with caution due to additive negative inotropic effects, particularly in patients with cardiomyopathy or CHF
• Cimetidine: May decrease the metabolism of propranolol and increase blood levels
• Diuretics: May increase risk for hypotension
• Epinephrine: Unopposed alpha effects of epinephrine may lead to rapid increases in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate
• Fluoxetine: May decrease propranolol metabolism; complete heart block reported in one human
• Insulin and Antidiabetic Drugs: Propranolol may prolong the hypoglycemic effects of insulin therapy
• Lidocaine: Clearance may be impaired by propranolol
• Methimazole, Propylthiouracil: Propranolol doses may need to be decreased when initiating therapy

常見問題