丙磺舒

用途

• Gout
• Gout
• Gout

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Headache (humans)
• Inappetence
• Nausea
• Mild vomiting
• Rashes
• Increased rate of gouty attacks initially (if no prophylaxis)
• Hypersensitivity (rare)
• Bone marrow suppression (rare)
• Hepatotoxicity (rare)
• Nephrotic syndrome (rare)

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with or susceptible to uric acid renal or bladder calculus formation
• Urate nephropathy (e.g., cancer chemotherapy with rapidly cytolytic agents)
• Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min)
• Gout in birds (can exacerbate the condition)
• **Renal Function**: Probenecid requires sufficient renal function to be effective; efficacy decreases with increasing renal function impairment. **Avian Patients**: Not usually recommended for treating gout in birds as it can exacerbate the condition. **Laboratory Alterations**: May cause false-positive urine glucose (cupric sulfate method), falsely elevated theophylline levels, decreased 17-ketosteroid urine concentrations, and altered renal clearance study results.

藥物相互作用

• Acyclovir: Increased acyclovir serum concentrations; probenecid can decrease renal excretion
• Antineoplastics (rapidly cytolytic): Increased chance of uric acid nephropathy
• Aspirin (and other salicylates): Salicylates antagonize the uricosuric effects of probenecid
• Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, oxazepam): Probenecid may prolong action or reduce time for onset of action
• Beta-lactam antibiotics: Probenecid may increase serum concentrations by reducing renal excretion
• Beta-lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam, tazobactam): Probenecid may increase serum concentrations by reducing renal excretion (does not affect clavulanic acid)
• Chlorpropamide: Probenecid decreases elimination; hypoglycemia is possible
• Ciprofloxacin/Enrofloxacin: Probenecid reduces renal tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin by about 50%. Significantly reduces renal excretion of enrofloxacin in goats.
• Dapsone: Possible accumulation of dapsone or its active metabolites
• Furosemide: Increased serum furosemide levels
• Heparin: Probenecid may increase and prolong heparin's effects
• Methotrexate: Probenecid may increase levels; increased risks for toxicity
• NSAIDs (carprofen, ketoprofen): Probenecid may increase plasma levels and increase risks for toxicity
• Nitrofurantoin: Reduced urine levels; increased chance for systemic toxicity
• Oseltamivir: Probenecid may increase serum concentrations by reducing renal excretion
• Rifampin: Probenecid may reduce hepatic uptake of rifampin and serum levels can be increased; use together is not recommended
• Sulfonamides: Decreases renal elimination of sulfonamides, may increase risks for sulfonamide toxicity without therapeutic benefit
• Thiopental: Anesthesia may be extended or dose required for anesthesia decreased

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