青黴素V鉀 (盤尼西林V鉀)

用途

• Susceptible infections
• Soft tissue infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Soft tissue infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• GI effects (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and superinfections (due to altered gut flora)
• Neurotoxicity (e.g., ataxia in dogs) at very high doses
• Elevated liver enzymes
• Tachypnea, dyspnea, edema, and tachycardia (reported in dogs)

注意事項與禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to penicillins
• Oral administration in patients with septicemia, shock, or grave illness (due to delayed/diminished GI absorption)
• Use in sensitive species (snakes, birds, turtles, guinea pigs, chinchillas) without extreme caution
• Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other **beta-lactam antibiotics** (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity. High doses of potassium salts can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly in small animals with preexisting renal disease, congestive heart failure, or electrolyte abnormalities. Safe use during pregnancy is not firmly established (FDA Category B), and it is excreted in maternal milk, which could cause diarrhea or candidiasis in nursing offspring.

藥物相互作用

• Aminoglycosides: In vitro synergism against certain bacteria; however, mixing them in the same syringe or fluid line can cause physical inactivation of the aminoglycoside.
• Bacteriostatic Antibiotics (e.g., chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines): May antagonize the bactericidal activity of penicillins, which require actively dividing bacteria to be effective.
• Methotrexate: Penicillins may decrease the renal elimination of methotrexate, potentially increasing its toxicity.
• Probenecid: Competitively blocks the renal tubular secretion of penicillins, significantly increasing their serum levels and half-lives.

常見問題