亞甲藍
別名: Azul Metile, Collubleu, Desmoidpillen, Vitableu, Urolene Blue, Zumetil, Methylene Blue, Proveblue
藥物類別: Antidote / Thiazine Dye
* **專業監督：** 由於此藥物具有潛在毒性，且變性血紅素相關中毒情況嚴重，必須在獸醫師的密切監督下使用。 * **染色問題：** 亞甲藍可能會嚴重染污衣物或皮膚。若需清除，可使用次氯酸鹽溶液（漂白水）。 * **尿液顏色：** 飼主應注意，在治療期間，動物的尿液可能會變成藍綠色。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- For methemoglobin-producing toxins (nitrites, nitrates, chlorates)
- For cyanide toxicity
- For methemoglobin-producing toxins (nitrites, nitrates, chlorates)
- For cyanide toxicity
- Methemoglobinemia secondary to phenol exposure
- Methemoglobinemia
- Severe methemoglobinemia
- For methemoglobin-producing toxins (nitrites, nitrates, chlorates)
- For nitrate poisoning
- For cyanide toxicity
- Methemoglobinemia secondary to chlorate toxicity
- To preferentially stain islet-cell tumors of the pancreas
- Methemoglobinemia secondary to phenol exposure
- Severe methemoglobinemia
給藥方式
IV
可能的副作用
- Heinz body anemia
- Red cell morphological changes
- Methemoglobinemia (at high doses)
- Decreased red blood cell life span
- Necrotic abscesses (if injected SC or extravasated IV)
- Green-blue discoloration of urine
- Heinz body anemia (especially in cats)
- Paradoxical methemoglobinemia (at high doses)
- Tissue necrosis (if extravasated)
- Blue/green discoloration of urine, feces, and mucous membranes
- Nausea and vomiting
注意事項與禁忌
- Cats (considered contraindicated by most clinicians due to severe sensitivity)
- Renal insufficiency
- Hypersensitivity to methylene blue
- Intraspinal (intrathecal) injection
- Lactating dairy animals
- Severe renal impairment
- Patients with G6PD deficiency (can cause severe hemolysis)
- Use with extreme caution in cats due to high susceptibility to Heinz body formation
- > **WARNING:** Cats are highly sensitive to methylene blue and can rapidly develop **Heinz body anemia** and methemoglobinemia. Dogs and horses can also develop these effects at relatively low dosages. * **Administration:** Must be given IV. Extravasation or subcutaneous injection can cause severe necrotic abscesses. * **Efficacy:** Considered relatively ineffective in reducing methemoglobin in horses. * **Food Animal Residues:** FARAD recommends a minimum milk withdrawal time of 4 days. Meat withdrawal is conservatively recommended at 180 days due to carcinogenicity concerns, though some data suggest 14 days may be sufficient. * **Pregnancy:** FDA Category C. Safe use during pregnancy has not been demonstrated.
藥物相互作用
- SSRIs (e.g., Fluoxetine): Methylene blue is a potent reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI); concurrent use can precipitate fatal serotonin syndrome.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Increased risk of serotonin toxicity.
常見問題
亞甲藍用於寵物有什麼用途？
• 專業監督： 由於此藥物具有潛在毒性，且變性血紅素相關中毒情況嚴重，必須在獸醫師的密切監督下使用。 • 染色問題： 亞甲藍可能會嚴重染污衣物或皮膚。若需清除，可使用次氯酸鹽溶液（漂白水）。 • 尿液顏色： 飼主應注意，在治療期間，動物的尿液可能會變成藍綠色。
亞甲藍對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。