醋甲唑胺

用途

• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma
• Medical treatment of glaucoma

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• GI disturbances (vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence)
• Metabolic acidosis (often manifesting as heavy panting in dogs)
• CNS effects (sedation, depression, disorientation, excitement)
• Hematologic effects (bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenia)
• Renal effects (crystalluria, dysuria, renal colic, polyuria, polydipsia)
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hyperuricemia
• Hepatic insufficiency
• Dermatologic effects (rash)
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Weakness or cardiac arrhythmias (secondary to electrolyte imbalances)

注意事項與禁忌

• Significant hepatic disease (may precipitate hepatic coma)
• Renal or adrenocortical insufficiency
• Hyponatremia or hypokalemia
• Hyperchloremic acidosis or severe electrolyte imbalance
• Severe pulmonary obstruction (inability to increase alveolar ventilation to compensate for metabolic acidosis)
• Hypersensitivity to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or sulfonamides
• Chronic, noncongestive, angle-closure glaucoma (long-term use may mask the condition by lowering IOP while angle closure progresses)
• > **Laboratory Interferences:** By alkalinizing the urine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may cause false-positive results in determining urine protein using bromphenol blue reagent, sulfosalicylic acid, nitric acid ring test, or heat and acetic acid test methods. They may also decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid gland in hyperthyroid or euthyroid patients. * Use with caution in pregnant animals (FDA Category C in humans; animal studies show adverse fetal effects). * Combining oral methazolamide with topical dorzolamide does not yield additive reductions in IOP and may increase adverse effects. * Monitor closely for signs of hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis, especially in cats.

藥物相互作用

• Antidepressants, Tricyclic: Alkaline urine caused by methazolamide may decrease excretion of tricyclic antidepressants.
• Aspirin (or other salicylates): Increased risk of methazolamide accumulation and toxicity; increased risk for metabolic acidosis; methazolamide increases salicylate excretion.
• Digoxin: Methazolamide may cause hypokalemia, leading to an increased risk for digoxin toxicity.
• Insulin: Rarely, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may interfere with the hypoglycemic effects of insulin.
• Methenamine compounds: Methazolamide alkalinizes urine, which may negate the urinary antiseptic effects of methenamine.
• Potassium-depleting drugs (corticosteroids, amphotericin B, corticotropin, diuretics): Concomitant use may exacerbate potassium depletion and hypokalemia.
• Phenobarbital: Increased urinary excretion due to alkaline urine, which may reduce phenobarbital serum levels.
• Primidone: May result in decreased primidone concentrations.
• Quinidine: Alkaline urine caused by methazolamide may decrease quinidine excretion.

常見問題