哌替啶
別名: Demerol, Pethidine, Alodan, Centralgine, Dolantin, Dolantina, Dolantine, Dolestine, Dolosal, Meperidine
> **重要提示：** 哌替啶是一種強效的處方止痛藥（鴉片類藥物），通常僅在醫院環境中由獸醫直接監督下使用。 * **短效性：** 這種藥物在寵物體內的藥效消退非常快（通常不到一小時），因此通常在手術過程中作為注射劑給予，而不是讓寵物帶回家服用。 * **副作用：** 可能會引起嗜睡、噁心或流口水。如果口服給藥，藥水或藥片可能會刺激口腔，特別是在貓咪身上。 * **安全性：** 絕對不要在沒有獸醫嚴格指導的情況下給您的寵物服用人類止痛藥或剩餘的哌替啶，因為過量會導致危及生命的呼吸問題。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Perioperative pain
- Analgesia
- Pre-medication
- Post-op analgesia
- General Note
- Analgesia (mild to moderate pain)
- Restraining agent (preanesthetic)
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Moderate pain (Rabbits)
- Moderate pain (Rabbits/Rodents)
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Perioperative pain
- Pre-medication
- Post-op analgesia
- Analgesia (mild to moderate pain)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Respiratory depression
- Histamine release
- Bronchoconstriction (dogs)
- CNS depression
- Nausea and vomiting
- Decreased intestinal peristalsis
- Mydriasis (dogs)
- Salivation (especially cats)
- Physical dependence (chronic use)
- Tachycardia with PVCs (horses)
- Profuse sweating (horses)
- Hyperpnea (horses)
- Severe hypotension (if given IV rapidly)
- Hypotension (especially if given IV)
- Tachycardia
- Bronchoconstriction
- Local urticaria (after IM injection)
- Dry mouth
- Pain on IM injection (due to volume)
- Neonatal sedation (if given to bitches prior to parturition)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
- Patients receiving monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Diarrhea caused by a toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
- Envenomations from Centruroides scorpion species, Gila monsters, or Mexican beaded lizards
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Animals at risk from histamine release (e.g., skin allergies, asthma, mast cell tumours)
- > **Important Administration Note:** Many clinicians state meperidine should NOT be administered intravenously. If given IV, it must be given **very slowly** to avoid severe hypotension and histamine release. It may also be irritating when given SC. * **Extreme Caution:** Patients with respiratory disease or acute respiratory dysfunction (e.g., pulmonary edema secondary to smoke inhalation). * **Caution:** Hypothyroidism, severe renal insufficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease), geriatric or severely debilitated patients. * **Caution:** Head injuries or increased intracranial pressure, and acute abdominal conditions (e.g., colic) as it may obscure diagnosis. * **Equine Note:** May potentiate intestinal obstruction secondary to reduced intestinal motility.
藥物相互作用
- CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression when used with meperidine.
- Diuretics: Opiates may decrease efficacy in CHF patients.
- Isoniazid: Meperidine may enhance INH adverse effects.
- Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): Contraindicated. Can cause severe opiate overdose signs; avoid meperidine for at least 14 days after receiving MAOIs.
- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Meperidine may enhance neuromuscular blockade.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (clomipramine, amitriptyline): Meperidine may exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
- Warfarin: Opiates may potentiate anticoagulant activity.
- CNS depressants (anaesthetics, antihistamines, barbiturates, phenothiazines, tranquillizers): Increased CNS or respiratory depression
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Serious interaction resulting in coma, convulsions, and hyperpyrexia
常見問題
哌替啶用於寵物有什麼用途？
> 重要提示： 哌替啶是一種強效的處方止痛藥（鴉片類藥物），通常僅在醫院環境中由獸醫直接監督下使用。 • 短效性： 這種藥物在寵物體內的藥效消退非常快（通常不到一小時），因此通常在手術過程中作為注射劑給予，而不是讓寵物帶回家服用。 • 副作用： 可能會引起嗜睡、噁心或流口水。如果口服給藥，藥水或藥片可能會刺激口腔，特別是在貓咪身上。 • 安全性： 絕對不要在沒有獸醫嚴格指導的情況下給您的寵物服用人類止痛藥或剩餘的哌替啶，因為過量會導致危及生命的呼吸問題。
哌替啶對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。