Meperidine
別名: Demerol, Pethidine, Alodan, Centralgine, Dolantin, Dolantina, Dolantine, Dolestine, Dolosal, Meperidine
> **Important:** Meperidine is a strong prescription pain medication (opioid) that is typically only used in a hospital setting under direct veterinary supervision. * **Short-acting:** This medication wears off very quickly in pets (often in less than an hour), so it is usually given as an injection during procedures rather than sent home. * **Side Effects:** May cause sleepiness, nausea, or drooling. If given by mouth, the liquid or tablets can be irritating to the mouth, especially in cats. * **Safety:** Never give your pet human pain medications or leftover meperidine without strict veterinary guidance, as overdoses can cause life-threatening breathing problems.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Perioperative pain
- Analgesia
- Pre-medication
- Post-op analgesia
- General Note
- Analgesia (mild to moderate pain)
- Restraining agent (preanesthetic)
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Moderate pain (Rabbits)
- Moderate pain (Rabbits/Rodents)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Respiratory depression
- Histamine release
- Bronchoconstriction (dogs)
- CNS depression
- Nausea and vomiting
- Decreased intestinal peristalsis
- Mydriasis (dogs)
- Salivation (especially cats)
- Physical dependence (chronic use)
- Tachycardia with PVCs (horses)
- Profuse sweating (horses)
- Hyperpnea (horses)
- Severe hypotension (if given IV rapidly)
- Hypotension (especially if given IV)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
- Patients receiving monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Diarrhea caused by a toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
- Envenomations from Centruroides scorpion species, Gila monsters, or Mexican beaded lizards
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Animals at risk from histamine release (e.g., skin allergies, asthma, mast cell tumours)
- > **Important Administration Note:** Many clinicians state meperidine should NOT be administered intravenously. If given IV, it must be given **very slowly** to avoid severe hypotension and histamine release. It may also be irritating when given SC. * **Extreme Caution:** Patients with respiratory disease or acute respiratory dysfunction (e.g., pulmonary edema secondary to smoke inhalation). * **Caution:** Hypothyroidism, severe renal insufficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease), geriatric or severely debilitated patients. * **Caution:** Head injuries or increased intracranial pressure, and acute abdominal conditions (e.g., colic) as it may obscure diagnosis. * **Equine Note:** May potentiate intestinal obstruction secondary to reduced intestinal motility.
藥物相互作用
- CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression when used with meperidine.
- Diuretics: Opiates may decrease efficacy in CHF patients.
- Isoniazid: Meperidine may enhance INH adverse effects.
- Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): Contraindicated. Can cause severe opiate overdose signs; avoid meperidine for at least 14 days after receiving MAOIs.
- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Meperidine may enhance neuromuscular blockade.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (clomipramine, amitriptyline): Meperidine may exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
- Warfarin: Opiates may potentiate anticoagulant activity.
- CNS depressants (anaesthetics, antihistamines, barbiturates, phenothiazines, tranquillizers): Increased CNS or respiratory depression
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Serious interaction resulting in coma, convulsions, and hyperpyrexia
常見問題
Meperidine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
> **Important:** Meperidine is a strong prescription pain medication (opioid) that is typically only used in a hospital setting under direct veterinary supervision. * **Short-acting:** This medication wears off very quickly in pets (often in less than an hour), so it is usually given as an injection during procedures rather than sent home. * **Side Effects:** May cause sleepiness, nausea, or drooling. If given by mouth, the liquid or tablets can be irritating to the mouth, especially in cats. * **Safety:** Never give your pet human pain medications or leftover meperidine without strict veterinary guidance, as overdoses can cause life-threatening breathing problems.
Meperidine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。