酮咯酸
別名: Toradol, Acular
> **重要安全警告**：酮咯酸是一種非常強效的止痛藥，但如果未完全按照指示使用，可能會對寵物造成嚴重的胃潰瘍和腎臟損傷。 - **嚴格遵守劑量**：絕對不可超過獸醫師處方的天數（通常最多限制在1至3天內）。不可增加給藥頻率。 - **注意副作用**：如果您發現寵物有任何腸胃不適的跡象，包括食慾不振、嘔吐、腹瀉、**排出黑色/柏油狀糞便**或糞便帶血，請立即停藥並通知您的獸醫師。 - **行為改變**：如果您的寵物變得異常抑鬱、嗜睡或虛弱，請聯繫獸醫師。 - **不可混用藥物**：除非獸醫師特別指示，否則絕對不可將酮咯酸與其他止痛藥（如阿斯匹靈、Rimadyl、Metacam 或類固醇）同時使用。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- As an analgesic
- Anterior uveitis and ulcerative keratitis
- As an analgesic (Mice)
- As an analgesic (Rats)
- As an analgesic
- As an analgesic
- As an analgesic
- Anterior uveitis and ulcerative keratitis
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Gastrointestinal ulceration and erosion
- Gastrointestinal perforation
- Renal toxicity
- Hepatic toxicity
- Platelet inhibition (increased bleeding risk)
- Local ocular irritation
- Delayed corneal epithelial healing
- Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Corneal 'melting' (keratomalacia) - reported in humans, theoretical risk in animals
注意事項與禁忌
- Active GI ulcers
- History of hypersensitivity to ketorolac
- Pre-existing hematologic, renal, or hepatic disease (relative contraindication)
- Known hypersensitivity to NSAIDs
- Use with extreme caution in patients with deep or progressive corneal ulcers
- Use cautiously in patients with a history of GI ulcers, heart failure (may cause fluid retention), and in geriatric patients. Long-term use (>3 days) is not recommended in dogs due to a high tendency to cause gastric erosion and ulcers. Animals suffering from inflammation secondary to concomitant infection should receive appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
藥物相互作用
- ACE INHIBITORS: Increased risk for nephrotoxicity
- ALPRAZOLAM: Hallucinations reported in some human patients taking with ketorolac
- AMINOGLYCOSIDES (gentamicin, amikacin, etc.): Increased risk for nephrotoxicity
- ANTICOAGULANTS (heparin, LMWH, warfarin): Increased risk for bleeding possible
- ASPIRIN: Increased likelihood of GI adverse effects (blood loss)
- BISPHOSPHONATES (alendronate, etc.): May increase risk for GI ulceration
- CORTICOSTEROIDS: Concomitant administration with NSAIDs may significantly increase the risks for GI adverse effects
- CYCLOSPORINE: May increase risk for nephrotoxicity
- FLUCONAZOLE: May increase NSAID levels
- FLUOXETINE: Hallucinations reported in some human patients taking with ketorolac
- FUROSEMIDE: Ketorolac may reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of furosemide
- METHOTREXATE: Serious toxicity has occurred when NSAIDs have been used concomitantly; use together with extreme caution
- MUSCLE RELAXANTS, NONDEPOLARIZING: Ketorolac may potentiate effects
- PROBENECID: May cause a significant increase in serum levels and half-life of ketorolac
- Gentamicin (and other drugs affecting corneal epithelium): May lead to increased corneal penetration of the NSAID
- Topical corticosteroids: Concurrent use is a identified risk factor for precipitating severe corneal problems (e.g., corneal melting)
常見問題
酮咯酸用於寵物有什麼用途？
> 重要安全警告：酮咯酸是一種非常強效的止痛藥，但如果未完全按照指示使用，可能會對寵物造成嚴重的胃潰瘍和腎臟損傷。 - 嚴格遵守劑量：絕對不可超過獸醫師處方的天數（通常最多限制在1至3天內）。不可增加給藥頻率。 - 注意副作用：如果您發現寵物有任何腸胃不適的跡象，包括食慾不振、嘔吐、腹瀉、排出黑色/柏油狀糞便或糞便帶血，請立即停藥並通知您的獸醫師。 - 行為改變：如果您的寵物變得異常抑鬱、嗜睡或虛弱，請聯繫獸醫師。 - 不可混用藥物：除非獸醫師特別指示，否則絕對不可將酮咯酸與其他止痛藥（如阿斯匹靈、Rimadyl、Metacam 或類固醇）同時使用。
酮咯酸對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。