氟烷

用途

• General Anesthesia
• General Anesthesia
• Induction of anaesthesia (unpremedicated)
• Maintenance of anaesthesia
• General Anesthesia (Draft Horses)
• General Anesthesia
• General Anesthesia (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas)
• General Anesthesia
• General Anesthesia
• Induction of anaesthesia (unpremedicated)
• Maintenance of anaesthesia

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Dose-related hypotension
• Cardiac depression and decreased cardiac output
• Cardiac dysrhythmias (sensitizes myocardium to catecholamines)
• Malignant hyperthermia-stress syndrome (reported in pigs, horses, dogs, cats)
• Hepatotoxicity (jaundice, fatal liver necrosis)
• Respiratory depression
• Hypothermia
• Dose-dependent hypotension
• Bradycardia
• Decreased myocardial contractility
• Reduced hepatic blood flow
• Ventricular arrhythmias
• Neonatal depression (crosses placental barrier)

注意事項與禁忌

• History or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
• Significant hepatotoxicity or unexplained fever/jaundice after previous halothane exposure
• Liver disease
• Patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia
• > **Hepatotoxicity Warning:** Halothane can cause severe, sometimes fatal, liver necrosis. Do not re-expose patients who have previously shown unexplained fever or jaundice following halothane anesthesia. * **Cardiovascular/Neurologic:** Use with extreme caution in patients with cardiac arrhythmias, hepatic impairment, increased intracranial pressure (CSF) or head injury, myasthenia gravis, or pheochromocytoma. * **Pregnancy:** Categorized as Class C. May be teratogenic; use only when benefits clearly outweigh potential risks. * **Equipment:** Halothane vapor can react with aluminum, brass, and lead in the presence of moisture. It also causes rapid deterioration of rubber and some plastics.

藥物相互作用

• Acetaminophen: Not recommended for post-operative analgesia in patients that have received halothane anesthesia due to increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
• Acepromazine: Can decrease requirements of halothane by up to 40%.
• Aminoglycosides: Use with caution; additive neuromuscular blockade may occur.
• Lincosamides: Use with caution; additive neuromuscular blockade may occur.
• Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents: Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur.
• Succinylcholine: May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias, sinus arrest, apnea) and malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients.
• Sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, ephedrine, metaraminol): Halothane sensitizes the myocardium to catecholamines; severe ventricular arrhythmias may result. Use with extreme caution at reduced doses.
• d-Tubocurarine: May cause significant hypotension if used with halothane.
• Sedatives: Reduces the concentration of halothane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia
• Opioid agonists: Reduces the concentration of halothane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia

常見問題