格列本脲 (Glyburide / Glibenclamide)

用途

• Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
• Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Vomiting
• Hypoglycemia
• Liver toxicity (icterus, increased ALT/SGPT)
• Allergic skin reactions (reported in humans)
• Arthralgia (reported in humans)
• Bone marrow suppression (reported in humans)
• Cholestatic jaundice (reported in humans)

注意事項與禁忌

• Severe burns
• Severe trauma
• Severe infection
• Diabetic coma or other hypoglycemic conditions
• Major surgery
• Ketosis
• Ketoacidosis or other significant acidotic conditions
• > **Caution:** Glyburide should only be used when its potential benefits outweigh its risks in patients with untreated adrenal or pituitary insufficiency; thyroid, renal, or hepatic function impairment; prolonged vomiting; high fever; malnourishment or in a debilitated condition. * **Concurrent Endocrine Disease:** Some patients with type II diabetes may have their disease complicated by the production of excessive amounts of cortisol or growth hormone (e.g., hyperadrenocorticism, acromegaly) that may antagonize insulin's effects. These causes should be ruled out before initiating oral antidiabetic therapy. * **Pregnancy:** FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus. Safety during nursing is unknown.

藥物相互作用

• Alcohol: A disulfiram-like reaction (anorexia, nausea, vomiting) is possible
• Azole Antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole): May increase plasma levels of glyburide
• Beta-blockers: May potentiate hypoglycemic effect
• Chloramphenicol: May displace glyburide from plasma proteins
• Cimetidine: May potentiate hypoglycemic effect
• Corticosteroids: May reduce efficacy
• Thiazide Diuretics: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
• Isoniazid: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
• MAO Inhibitors: May potentiate hypoglycemic effect
• Niacin: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
• Phenothiazines: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
• Phenytoin: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy

常見問題