氟美吡唑 (Fomepizole)

用途

• For treatment of ethylene glycol toxicity
• For treatment of ethylene glycol toxicity

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Vein irritation and phlebosclerosis (if given rapidly or undiluted)
• Anaphylaxis (rare)
• Mild sedation (particularly in cats)

注意事項與禁忌

• No labeled contraindications, but use with caution if the patient is already receiving ethanol therapy.
• > **Dilution Required**: Concentrated drug must be diluted as directed before intravenous administration to prevent severe vein irritation. * **Timing**: Efficacy drops significantly if given after 8 hours in dogs, or after 3 hours in cats. If azotemia is present, prognosis is poor. * **Supportive Care**: Fomepizole must be used alongside aggressive fluid therapy and correction of acid-base/electrolyte imbalances. * **Decontamination**: If the patient presents within 1-2 hours of ingestion, consider inducing emesis or performing gastric lavage with activated charcoal to minimize absorption. * **Pregnancy**: FDA Category C. Benefits generally outweigh risks in life-threatening toxicity.

藥物相互作用

• Ethanol: Fomepizole inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase; ethanol metabolism is reduced significantly and alcohol poisoning (CNS depression, coma, death) can occur. Concurrent use is generally not recommended. If used together, mandatory monitoring of ethanol blood levels is required.

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