芬太尼
別名: Sublimaze, Duragesic, Actiq, Fentora, Ionsys, Fentadon, Durogesic
**寵物主人重要安全指引:** * **對兒童與寵物極度危險:** 芬太尼是一種極強的麻醉鎮痛藥。如果貼片脫落或被寵物抓下,一旦被兒童或其他動物咀嚼或吞食,可能會**致命**。請安全地丟棄使用過的貼片(例如:將黏性面互黏對摺後沖入馬桶,或交回獸醫院處理)。 * **人類意外接觸:** 如果您不小心觸碰到貼片的黏性面或凝膠,請**立即僅用清水洗手**。絕對不要使用肥皂、酒精或洗手乳,因為這些物質會加速藥物穿透您的皮膚吸收。 * **嚴禁接觸熱源:** 貼著貼片的寵物絕對不可以躺在電熱毯、保溫墊上,或直接曝曬於強烈陽光下。高溫會導致藥物快速釋放,進而引發致命的藥物過量。 * **延遲起效:** 貼片需要一段時間才會開始發揮作用(狗約需 12-24 小時,貓約需 6-12 小時)。您的獸醫師可能會開立其他止痛藥來度過這段空窗期。 * **密切觀察:** 請密切觀察您的寵物是否出現極度嗜睡、呼吸發生嚴重變化(非常緩慢或極淺),或出現異常的焦躁不安。如果發生這些情況,請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Perioperative pain
- Pain management
- Surgical analgesia
- Analgesia
- Induction
- MAC reduction during general anesthesia
- Severe to excruciating pain in the emergent patient
- Epidural for pain control
- Maintenance analgesia/heavy sedation in critically ill hypotensive animals
- Transdermal Analgesia
- Intraoperative analgesia
- Postoperative analgesia
- Postoperative or chronic pain
- Transdermal Analgesia (17-25 kg)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Dose-related respiratory depression
- CNS depression (sedation)
- Circulatory depression (bradycardia)
- Dysphoria or agitation (especially in cats)
- Urine retention
- Constipation
- Contact dermatitis/rash at patch site
- Altered thermoregulation (hypothermia or hyperthermia)
- Respiratory depression
- Severe bradycardia
- Asystole (with rapid IV injection)
- Reduction in heart rate
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to fentanyl or patch adhesive
- Conditions where additional respiratory or CNS depression would be deleterious
- No specific contraindications available in the monograph (use with caution in patients with respiratory compromise)
- **Patient Selection:** Use with extreme caution in geriatric, severely ill, or debilitated patients, and those with preexisting respiratory compromise. **Transdermal Patch Warnings:** * **Heat Exposure:** Do NOT allow the applied patch to be exposed to exogenous heat sources (e.g., heating pads, heated cages, direct sunlight). Heat significantly increases drug release and absorption, which has resulted in fatal overdoses. * **Fever:** Febrile patients may have increased absorption of fentanyl and require intense monitoring. Consider removing the patch if a fever develops. * **Patch Integrity:** Do NOT cut patches unless specifically advised by a pharmacist (cutting alters the drug-releasing membrane of gel-reservoir patches, leading to rapid, uncontrolled drug release). * **Variable Absorption:** Absorption is highly variable. Always have injectable rescue analgesia available. **Feline Specifics:** Opioids may cause mydriasis (dilated pupils) in cats. Approach slowly to avoid startling them, and keep them out of bright light. **Laboratory Alterations:** Opiates can increase biliary tract pressure, potentially elevating plasma amylase and lipase values for up to 24 hours post-administration.
藥物相互作用
- Azole Antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole): May inhibit fentanyl metabolism, increasing risk of toxicity
- CNS Depressants (other): Additive CNS and respiratory depressant effects
- Diuretics: Opiates may decrease diuretic efficacy in congestive heart failure patients
- Macrolide Antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin): May inhibit fentanyl metabolism
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (amitraz, selegiline): Severe and unpredictable opiate potentiation; generally not recommended within 14 days of MAOI use
- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Fentanyl may enhance neuromuscular blockade
- Nitrous Oxide: High fentanyl doses combined with nitrous oxide may cause cardiovascular depression
- Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: May increase the metabolism of fentanyl, reducing its efficacy
- Rifampin: May increase the metabolism of fentanyl
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (clomipramine, amitriptyline): Fentanyl may exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants
常見問題
芬太尼用於寵物有什麼用途?
**寵物主人重要安全指引:** * **對兒童與寵物極度危險:** 芬太尼是一種極強的麻醉鎮痛藥。如果貼片脫落或被寵物抓下,一旦被兒童或其他動物咀嚼或吞食,可能會**致命**。請安全地丟棄使用過的貼片(例如:將黏性面互黏對摺後沖入馬桶,或交回獸醫院處理)。 * **人類意外接觸:** 如果您不小心觸碰到貼片的黏性面或凝膠,請**立即僅用清水洗手**。絕對不要使用肥皂、酒精或洗手乳,因為這些物質會加速藥物穿透您的皮膚吸收。 * **嚴禁接觸熱源:** 貼著貼片的寵物絕對不可以躺在電熱毯、保溫墊上,或直接曝曬於強烈陽光下。高溫會導致藥物快速釋放,進而引發致命的藥物過量。 * **延遲起效:** 貼片需要一段時間才會開始發揮作用(狗約需 12-24 小時,貓約需 6-12 小時)。您的獸醫師可能會開立其他止痛藥來度過這段空窗期。 * **密切觀察:** 請密切觀察您的寵物是否出現極度嗜睡、呼吸發生嚴重變化(非常緩慢或極淺),或出現異常的焦躁不安。如果發生這些情況,請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
芬太尼對我的寵物安全嗎?
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育,不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適,請諮詢獸醫。