環戊丙酸雌二醇

用途

• Pregnancy avoidance after mismating
• Any
• To enhance estrus behavior and receptivity in ovariectomized mares
• Treatment of mares with estrogen-responsive incontinence
• Pregnancy avoidance after mismating

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Bone marrow toxicity (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, fatal aplastic anemia)
• Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
• Pyometra
• Mammary neoplasia
• Feminization (in males)
• Prolonged estrus (in females)
• Genital irritation (cattle)
• Decreased milk flow (cattle)
• Follicular cysts (cattle)

注意事項與禁忌

• Pregnancy (teratogenic and causes fetal bone marrow depression)
• Food-producing animals (illegal per FDA)
• Ferrets (highly susceptible to severe bone marrow toxicity)
• Estrogen-responsive incontinence in small animals (safer alternatives like DES or estriol should be used)
• Use with extreme caution in small animals due to the high risk of **blood dyscrasias** (bone marrow depression), which are more prevalent in older animals and at higher dosages. Toxicity can progress to fatal aplastic anemia. In cows with a prolonged corpus luteum, rule out endometritis or pregnancy before use. **Do not use in ferrets** due to extreme sensitivity to estrogen-induced bone marrow toxicity.

藥物相互作用

• Azole Antifungals (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole): May increase estrogen levels due to CYP450 enzyme inhibition.
• Corticosteroids: Enhanced glucocorticoid effects; estrogens may alter protein binding or decrease metabolism of corticosteroids.
• Macrolide Antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin): May increase estrogen levels.
• Phenobarbital: May decrease estrogen activity via hepatic enzyme induction.
• Rifampin: May decrease estrogen activity via hepatic enzyme induction.
• St. John's Wort: May decrease estrogen activity.
• Warfarin: Oral anticoagulant activity may be decreased; dosage adjustments may be necessary.

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